AP CSP COMPUTER SCIENCE EXAMS 2026/2027
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔External library - ✔✔A well-written, efficient, and thoroughly tested code module that
is separately compiled and then drawn on by any program that wishes to use its
capabilities.
✔✔Functional programming languages - ✔✔Views every task in terms of functions. In
this context, function means something like a mathematical function—a recipe for taking
an argument (or possibly several arguments) and doing something with them to
compute a single value.
✔✔Knowledge base - ✔✔Facts and rules about a certain domain of interest.
✔✔Open source - ✔✔Software whose source code is freely available and may be used,
distributed, or modified by anyone.
✔✔Recursive - ✔✔Something that is defined in terms of "smaller versions" of itself.
✔✔Computational model - ✔✔A model constructed using algorithmic procedures
implemented as computer programs.
✔✔Computational steering - ✔✔A procedure for using a computational model to
improve the design of an actual system by continually resetting model parameters to
improve system performance.
✔✔Computer graphics - ✔✔The field of computer science that examines the technical
problems of displaying visual images on a computer screen.
✔✔Continuous model - ✔✔A model of a system using mathematical equations that
describe system performance as a continuous function of time t.
✔✔Discrete event simulation - ✔✔A computational modeling technique that simulates
the behavior of a system only at discrete points in time.
✔✔Garbage in, garbage out - ✔✔The term for the fact that the output coming out of a
computer model is only as accurate as the assumption used to build the model.
✔✔Scientific visualization - ✔✔The use of images and visualization techniques to make
scientific data easier to interpret and understand.
✔✔Simulation model - ✔✔Another term for a computational model.
,✔✔Statistical distribution - ✔✔This is a mathematical function that describes the
probability of a random quantity taking on certain values.
✔✔Stochastic components - ✔✔Parts of a model that display random behavior.
✔✔Uniform random number - ✔✔Every value in the range from a to b has the same
chance of occurring.
✔✔Analogy - ✔✔Arguing about a problem by comparing it to a related problem, which
you claim is very similar in terms of its ethical implications and consequences.
✔✔Consequentialism - ✔✔A school of thought in ethics that focuses on the
consequences of an act to determine if the act is good or bad.
✔✔Cyberbullying - ✔✔Humiliating, taunting, threatening or invading someone's privacy
using the Internet, Web, or other type of electronic technology.
✔✔Ethics - ✔✔The study of how to decide if something is morally right or wrong.
✔✔Hacktivism - ✔✔Hacking that is intended as political activism.
✔✔Peer-to-peer file sharing - ✔✔The sharing of files between two equal participants on
a network. This is distinct from the client-server model in which the two sides serve very
different roles--one side only sending information (the server) and the other side only
receiving information (the client).
✔✔Computer science - ✔✔The study of algorithms, including their mathematical
properties, hardware and linguistic realizations, and their applications.
✔✔Computing agent - ✔✔The entity (machine, robot, person, or thing) that executes
the steps of an algorithm.
✔✔High-level programming language - ✔✔A programming language that uses both
natural language constructs and mathematical notation.
✔✔Infinite loop - ✔✔The repetitive execution of a block of operations that will never
end. This is a fatal error when it occurs in an algorithm.
✔✔Sequential operation - ✔✔An algorithmic operation that carries out a single task and
then moves on to the next operation in sequence.
✔✔Algorithm discovery - ✔✔The process of finding an algorithmic solution to a given
problem. Computation: An algorithmic operation that carries out a single numeric
computation and stores the result.
, ✔✔Computation - ✔✔An algorithmic operation that carries out a single numeric
computation and stores the result.
✔✔Conditional statements - ✔✔Operations that ask a question and select the next
instruction to carry out based on the answer to that question.
✔✔Continuation condition - ✔✔The true/false condition that will determine when the
iteration has been completed.
✔✔Control operations - ✔✔Operations that alter the normal sequential flow of control
within an algorithm.
✔✔Input - ✔✔An operation that causes data values from the outside world to be
brought into the algorithm.
✔✔Iteration - ✔✔The repetitive execution of a block of operations.
✔✔Output - ✔✔An operation that causes computed values to be sent to the outside
world for viewing or saving.
✔✔Primitive operation - ✔✔An operation that can be directly understood by the
computing agent executing the algorithm and which does not have to be further clarified
or explained.
✔✔Pseudocode - ✔✔A notation used to design algorithms. It uses English constructs,
mathematical notation and an informal algorithmic structure designed to look like a high-
level programming language.
✔✔Sorting - ✔✔The task of putting a list of values into numeric or alphabetical order.
✔✔Boolean expression - ✔✔An expression that can evaluate only to true or false.
✔✔Gigabyte - ✔✔One billion bytes.
✔✔Program - ✔✔an algorithm that is written in a programming language that runs on a
computer
✔✔Control Structures - ✔✔a block of programming that determines which part of the
program is executed next. There are three types of structures: sequence, selection, and
repetition.
✔✔Computational Artifact - ✔✔an object created by a human being that involves the
use of computation in some way, for example a mobile app or a web page.
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔External library - ✔✔A well-written, efficient, and thoroughly tested code module that
is separately compiled and then drawn on by any program that wishes to use its
capabilities.
✔✔Functional programming languages - ✔✔Views every task in terms of functions. In
this context, function means something like a mathematical function—a recipe for taking
an argument (or possibly several arguments) and doing something with them to
compute a single value.
✔✔Knowledge base - ✔✔Facts and rules about a certain domain of interest.
✔✔Open source - ✔✔Software whose source code is freely available and may be used,
distributed, or modified by anyone.
✔✔Recursive - ✔✔Something that is defined in terms of "smaller versions" of itself.
✔✔Computational model - ✔✔A model constructed using algorithmic procedures
implemented as computer programs.
✔✔Computational steering - ✔✔A procedure for using a computational model to
improve the design of an actual system by continually resetting model parameters to
improve system performance.
✔✔Computer graphics - ✔✔The field of computer science that examines the technical
problems of displaying visual images on a computer screen.
✔✔Continuous model - ✔✔A model of a system using mathematical equations that
describe system performance as a continuous function of time t.
✔✔Discrete event simulation - ✔✔A computational modeling technique that simulates
the behavior of a system only at discrete points in time.
✔✔Garbage in, garbage out - ✔✔The term for the fact that the output coming out of a
computer model is only as accurate as the assumption used to build the model.
✔✔Scientific visualization - ✔✔The use of images and visualization techniques to make
scientific data easier to interpret and understand.
✔✔Simulation model - ✔✔Another term for a computational model.
,✔✔Statistical distribution - ✔✔This is a mathematical function that describes the
probability of a random quantity taking on certain values.
✔✔Stochastic components - ✔✔Parts of a model that display random behavior.
✔✔Uniform random number - ✔✔Every value in the range from a to b has the same
chance of occurring.
✔✔Analogy - ✔✔Arguing about a problem by comparing it to a related problem, which
you claim is very similar in terms of its ethical implications and consequences.
✔✔Consequentialism - ✔✔A school of thought in ethics that focuses on the
consequences of an act to determine if the act is good or bad.
✔✔Cyberbullying - ✔✔Humiliating, taunting, threatening or invading someone's privacy
using the Internet, Web, or other type of electronic technology.
✔✔Ethics - ✔✔The study of how to decide if something is morally right or wrong.
✔✔Hacktivism - ✔✔Hacking that is intended as political activism.
✔✔Peer-to-peer file sharing - ✔✔The sharing of files between two equal participants on
a network. This is distinct from the client-server model in which the two sides serve very
different roles--one side only sending information (the server) and the other side only
receiving information (the client).
✔✔Computer science - ✔✔The study of algorithms, including their mathematical
properties, hardware and linguistic realizations, and their applications.
✔✔Computing agent - ✔✔The entity (machine, robot, person, or thing) that executes
the steps of an algorithm.
✔✔High-level programming language - ✔✔A programming language that uses both
natural language constructs and mathematical notation.
✔✔Infinite loop - ✔✔The repetitive execution of a block of operations that will never
end. This is a fatal error when it occurs in an algorithm.
✔✔Sequential operation - ✔✔An algorithmic operation that carries out a single task and
then moves on to the next operation in sequence.
✔✔Algorithm discovery - ✔✔The process of finding an algorithmic solution to a given
problem. Computation: An algorithmic operation that carries out a single numeric
computation and stores the result.
, ✔✔Computation - ✔✔An algorithmic operation that carries out a single numeric
computation and stores the result.
✔✔Conditional statements - ✔✔Operations that ask a question and select the next
instruction to carry out based on the answer to that question.
✔✔Continuation condition - ✔✔The true/false condition that will determine when the
iteration has been completed.
✔✔Control operations - ✔✔Operations that alter the normal sequential flow of control
within an algorithm.
✔✔Input - ✔✔An operation that causes data values from the outside world to be
brought into the algorithm.
✔✔Iteration - ✔✔The repetitive execution of a block of operations.
✔✔Output - ✔✔An operation that causes computed values to be sent to the outside
world for viewing or saving.
✔✔Primitive operation - ✔✔An operation that can be directly understood by the
computing agent executing the algorithm and which does not have to be further clarified
or explained.
✔✔Pseudocode - ✔✔A notation used to design algorithms. It uses English constructs,
mathematical notation and an informal algorithmic structure designed to look like a high-
level programming language.
✔✔Sorting - ✔✔The task of putting a list of values into numeric or alphabetical order.
✔✔Boolean expression - ✔✔An expression that can evaluate only to true or false.
✔✔Gigabyte - ✔✔One billion bytes.
✔✔Program - ✔✔an algorithm that is written in a programming language that runs on a
computer
✔✔Control Structures - ✔✔a block of programming that determines which part of the
program is executed next. There are three types of structures: sequence, selection, and
repetition.
✔✔Computational Artifact - ✔✔an object created by a human being that involves the
use of computation in some way, for example a mobile app or a web page.
