AP CSP COMPUTER SCIENCE TEST PAPER 2026/2027
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Primitive operation - ✔✔An operation that can be directly understood by the
computing agent executing the algorithm and which does not have to be further clarified
or explained.
✔✔Pseudocode - ✔✔A notation used to design algorithms. It uses English constructs,
mathematical notation and an informal algorithmic structure designed to look like a high-
level programming language.
✔✔Sorting - ✔✔The task of putting a list of values into numeric or alphabetical order.
✔✔Boolean expression - ✔✔An expression that can evaluate only to true or false.
✔✔Gigabyte - ✔✔One billion bytes.
✔✔Program - ✔✔an algorithm that is written in a programming language that runs on a
computer
✔✔Control Structures - ✔✔a block of programming that determines which part of the
program is executed next. There are three types of structures: sequence, selection, and
repetition.
✔✔Computational Artifact - ✔✔an object created by a human being that involves the
use of computation in some way, for example a mobile app or a web page.
✔✔Event Driven Programming - ✔✔a programming approach whereby the program's
behavior is controlled by writing code that responds to various events that occur, such
as Button clicks.
✔✔Hardware - ✔✔the large and small physical components that make up a computers
such as the computer's keyboard or its processor.
✔✔Software - ✔✔the computer programs that make up a computer system such as the
mobile apps we will be creating in this course.
✔✔Abstraction - ✔✔one of the seven big ideas of the CS Principles curriculum. An
abstraction is a simplified and general representation of some complex object or
process. One example --we'll encounter many in this course, including abstractions
used in computer programming -- would be a Google map.
✔✔Binary Number - ✔✔a number written in the binary system, a system that uses only
two digits, 0s and 1s.
,✔✔Blacklist - ✔✔in internet terminology, a generic term for a list of email addresses or
IP addresses that are origination with known spammers
✔✔Character - ✔✔any symbol that requires one byte of storage
✔✔Cyberspace - ✔✔a metaphor for describing the non-physical terrain created by
computer systems
✔✔Data - ✔✔data is distinct information that is formatted in a special way. Data exists
in a variety of forms, like text on paper or bytes stored in electronic memory
✔✔Data Center - ✔✔are physical or virtual infrastructures used by enterprises to house
computer, server and networking systems and components for the company's IT
(information technology) needs
✔✔Data Network - ✔✔a telecommunications network which allows computers to
exchange data
✔✔Disk Drive - ✔✔a randomly addressable and rewritable storage device
✔✔Intellectual Property - ✔✔refers to any property that is created using original
thought. Traditional intellectual property include patents, copyrights, and trademarks.
✔✔Network - ✔✔a group of two or more computer systems linked together
✔✔Processor - ✔✔short for microprocessor or CPU
✔✔Social Networking - ✔✔a social structure made of nodes that are generally
individuals or organizations. A social network represents relationships and flows
between people, groups, organizations, animals, computers, or other
information/knowledge processing entities
✔✔Whitelist - ✔✔a generic name for a list of email address or IP addresses that are
considered to be spam free
✔✔Analog - ✔✔a device or system that represents changing values as continuously
variable physical quantities
✔✔ASCII - ✔✔a code for representing English characters as numbers, with each letter
assigned a number from 0 to 127
✔✔Cloud Computing - ✔✔comparable to grid computing, cloud computing relies on
sharing resources rather than having local servers handle applications.
, ✔✔Cryptography - ✔✔the art of protecting information by transforming it into an
unreadable format, called cipher text
✔✔Digital - ✔✔any system based on discontinuous data or events. Computers are
digital machines because at the basic level they can distinguish between just two
values, 0 and 1.
✔✔Digital Signal Processing - ✔✔(DSP) refers to manipulating analog information
✔✔Download - ✔✔to copy data (usually an entire file) from a main source to a
peripheral device
✔✔Megabyte - ✔✔used to describe data storage, 1,048,576 bytes (abbreviated MB)
✔✔Megapixel - ✔✔one million pixels, used in reference to the resolution of a graphics
device
✔✔Modeling - ✔✔process of representing a real-world object of phenomenon as a set
of mathematical equations.
✔✔OCR - ✔✔optical character recognition, the branch of computer science that
involves reading text from paper and translating the images into a form that the
computer can manipulate
✔✔Raster - ✔✔the rectangular area of a display screen actually being used to display
images
✔✔Render - ✔✔refers to the process of adding realism to a computer graphics by
adding 3-D qualities, such as shadows and variations in color and shade.
✔✔Spam - ✔✔spam is electronic junk mail or junk newsgroup postings
✔✔Steganography - ✔✔the art and science of hiding information by embedding
messages within other, seemingly harmless messages
✔✔Upload - ✔✔to transmit data from a computer to a bulletin board service, mainframe,
or network.
✔✔Bit - ✔✔Single unit of information on a computer represent as a 0 or 1
✔✔Bit Rate - ✔✔The number of bits that are conveyed or processed per unit of time
✔✔Latency - ✔✔The time it takes for a signal to arrive
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Primitive operation - ✔✔An operation that can be directly understood by the
computing agent executing the algorithm and which does not have to be further clarified
or explained.
✔✔Pseudocode - ✔✔A notation used to design algorithms. It uses English constructs,
mathematical notation and an informal algorithmic structure designed to look like a high-
level programming language.
✔✔Sorting - ✔✔The task of putting a list of values into numeric or alphabetical order.
✔✔Boolean expression - ✔✔An expression that can evaluate only to true or false.
✔✔Gigabyte - ✔✔One billion bytes.
✔✔Program - ✔✔an algorithm that is written in a programming language that runs on a
computer
✔✔Control Structures - ✔✔a block of programming that determines which part of the
program is executed next. There are three types of structures: sequence, selection, and
repetition.
✔✔Computational Artifact - ✔✔an object created by a human being that involves the
use of computation in some way, for example a mobile app or a web page.
✔✔Event Driven Programming - ✔✔a programming approach whereby the program's
behavior is controlled by writing code that responds to various events that occur, such
as Button clicks.
✔✔Hardware - ✔✔the large and small physical components that make up a computers
such as the computer's keyboard or its processor.
✔✔Software - ✔✔the computer programs that make up a computer system such as the
mobile apps we will be creating in this course.
✔✔Abstraction - ✔✔one of the seven big ideas of the CS Principles curriculum. An
abstraction is a simplified and general representation of some complex object or
process. One example --we'll encounter many in this course, including abstractions
used in computer programming -- would be a Google map.
✔✔Binary Number - ✔✔a number written in the binary system, a system that uses only
two digits, 0s and 1s.
,✔✔Blacklist - ✔✔in internet terminology, a generic term for a list of email addresses or
IP addresses that are origination with known spammers
✔✔Character - ✔✔any symbol that requires one byte of storage
✔✔Cyberspace - ✔✔a metaphor for describing the non-physical terrain created by
computer systems
✔✔Data - ✔✔data is distinct information that is formatted in a special way. Data exists
in a variety of forms, like text on paper or bytes stored in electronic memory
✔✔Data Center - ✔✔are physical or virtual infrastructures used by enterprises to house
computer, server and networking systems and components for the company's IT
(information technology) needs
✔✔Data Network - ✔✔a telecommunications network which allows computers to
exchange data
✔✔Disk Drive - ✔✔a randomly addressable and rewritable storage device
✔✔Intellectual Property - ✔✔refers to any property that is created using original
thought. Traditional intellectual property include patents, copyrights, and trademarks.
✔✔Network - ✔✔a group of two or more computer systems linked together
✔✔Processor - ✔✔short for microprocessor or CPU
✔✔Social Networking - ✔✔a social structure made of nodes that are generally
individuals or organizations. A social network represents relationships and flows
between people, groups, organizations, animals, computers, or other
information/knowledge processing entities
✔✔Whitelist - ✔✔a generic name for a list of email address or IP addresses that are
considered to be spam free
✔✔Analog - ✔✔a device or system that represents changing values as continuously
variable physical quantities
✔✔ASCII - ✔✔a code for representing English characters as numbers, with each letter
assigned a number from 0 to 127
✔✔Cloud Computing - ✔✔comparable to grid computing, cloud computing relies on
sharing resources rather than having local servers handle applications.
, ✔✔Cryptography - ✔✔the art of protecting information by transforming it into an
unreadable format, called cipher text
✔✔Digital - ✔✔any system based on discontinuous data or events. Computers are
digital machines because at the basic level they can distinguish between just two
values, 0 and 1.
✔✔Digital Signal Processing - ✔✔(DSP) refers to manipulating analog information
✔✔Download - ✔✔to copy data (usually an entire file) from a main source to a
peripheral device
✔✔Megabyte - ✔✔used to describe data storage, 1,048,576 bytes (abbreviated MB)
✔✔Megapixel - ✔✔one million pixels, used in reference to the resolution of a graphics
device
✔✔Modeling - ✔✔process of representing a real-world object of phenomenon as a set
of mathematical equations.
✔✔OCR - ✔✔optical character recognition, the branch of computer science that
involves reading text from paper and translating the images into a form that the
computer can manipulate
✔✔Raster - ✔✔the rectangular area of a display screen actually being used to display
images
✔✔Render - ✔✔refers to the process of adding realism to a computer graphics by
adding 3-D qualities, such as shadows and variations in color and shade.
✔✔Spam - ✔✔spam is electronic junk mail or junk newsgroup postings
✔✔Steganography - ✔✔the art and science of hiding information by embedding
messages within other, seemingly harmless messages
✔✔Upload - ✔✔to transmit data from a computer to a bulletin board service, mainframe,
or network.
✔✔Bit - ✔✔Single unit of information on a computer represent as a 0 or 1
✔✔Bit Rate - ✔✔The number of bits that are conveyed or processed per unit of time
✔✔Latency - ✔✔The time it takes for a signal to arrive
