AP CSP COMPUTER SCIENCE STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Latency - ✔✔The time it takes for a signal to arrive
✔✔Bandwidth - ✔✔Transmission capacity, measured by bit rate
✔✔Fiberoptics - ✔✔Method of transmitting data that utilizes light
✔✔Copper Wire - ✔✔Method of transmitting data that utilizes electricity
✔✔WiFi - ✔✔A wireless networking technology that utilizes radio waves to transmit
information/data
✔✔Prototype - ✔✔A preliminary sketch of an idea or model for something new. It's the
original drawing from which something real might be built or created.
✔✔IP Address - ✔✔A number assigned to any item that is connected to the Internet.
✔✔Packets - ✔✔Small chunks of information that have been carefully formed from
larger chunks of information.
✔✔Router - ✔✔A computer which receives messages traveling across a network and
redirects them towards their intended destinations based on the addressing information
included with the message.
✔✔Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) - ✔✔Provides reliable, ordered, and error-
checked delivery of a stream of packets on the internet. TCP is tightly linked with IP and
usually seen as TCP/IP in writing.
✔✔Domain Name System (DNS) - ✔✔An abbreviation for Domain Name System, the
Internet's system for converting alphabetic names into numeric IP addresses.
✔✔Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) - ✔✔The protocol used by the World Wide Web.
It describes how messages are formatted and interchanged, and how web servers
respond to commands.
✔✔Server - ✔✔A computer that awaits and responds to requests for data.
✔✔Client - ✔✔A computer that requests data stored on a server.
✔✔Net Neutrality - ✔✔The principle that Internet service providers should enable
access to all content and applications regardless of the source, and without favoring or
blocking particular products or websites.
, ✔✔Internet Censorship - ✔✔The control or suppression of what can be accessed,
published, or viewed on the Internet. It may be carried out by governments or by private
organizations at the behest of government, regulators, or on their own initiative.
✔✔Node - ✔✔Vertex; Represented by a labeled circle
✔✔Edge - ✔✔A line connecting two nodes
✔✔Cost - ✔✔Weight; The number associated with an edge that indicates distance,
time, or estimated cost
✔✔Cycle - ✔✔A set of edges that begin at one node and can be followed through other
nodes back where you started
✔✔Efficiency - ✔✔A measure of the number of steps per input size needed to complete
an algorithm
✔✔Routing Table - ✔✔A data table stored in a router that lists the routes to particular
network destinations
✔✔Minimum Spanning Tree - ✔✔Dictates the shortest aggregate path from one node to
every node
A spanning tree connecting all nodes together with the minimum aggregate value of its
edges.
✔✔Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) - ✔✔A group of volunteers, private citizens,
government officials, etc. who promote internet standards
✔✔Algorithm - ✔✔A precise sequence of instructions for processes that can be
executed by a computer
✔✔Function - ✔✔A piece of code that you can easily call over and over again.
✔✔API - ✔✔a collection of commands made available to a programmer
✔✔Documentation - ✔✔a description of the behavior of a command, function, library,
API, etc.
✔✔Parameter - ✔✔An extra piece of information that you pass to the function to
customize it for a specific need
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Latency - ✔✔The time it takes for a signal to arrive
✔✔Bandwidth - ✔✔Transmission capacity, measured by bit rate
✔✔Fiberoptics - ✔✔Method of transmitting data that utilizes light
✔✔Copper Wire - ✔✔Method of transmitting data that utilizes electricity
✔✔WiFi - ✔✔A wireless networking technology that utilizes radio waves to transmit
information/data
✔✔Prototype - ✔✔A preliminary sketch of an idea or model for something new. It's the
original drawing from which something real might be built or created.
✔✔IP Address - ✔✔A number assigned to any item that is connected to the Internet.
✔✔Packets - ✔✔Small chunks of information that have been carefully formed from
larger chunks of information.
✔✔Router - ✔✔A computer which receives messages traveling across a network and
redirects them towards their intended destinations based on the addressing information
included with the message.
✔✔Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) - ✔✔Provides reliable, ordered, and error-
checked delivery of a stream of packets on the internet. TCP is tightly linked with IP and
usually seen as TCP/IP in writing.
✔✔Domain Name System (DNS) - ✔✔An abbreviation for Domain Name System, the
Internet's system for converting alphabetic names into numeric IP addresses.
✔✔Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) - ✔✔The protocol used by the World Wide Web.
It describes how messages are formatted and interchanged, and how web servers
respond to commands.
✔✔Server - ✔✔A computer that awaits and responds to requests for data.
✔✔Client - ✔✔A computer that requests data stored on a server.
✔✔Net Neutrality - ✔✔The principle that Internet service providers should enable
access to all content and applications regardless of the source, and without favoring or
blocking particular products or websites.
, ✔✔Internet Censorship - ✔✔The control or suppression of what can be accessed,
published, or viewed on the Internet. It may be carried out by governments or by private
organizations at the behest of government, regulators, or on their own initiative.
✔✔Node - ✔✔Vertex; Represented by a labeled circle
✔✔Edge - ✔✔A line connecting two nodes
✔✔Cost - ✔✔Weight; The number associated with an edge that indicates distance,
time, or estimated cost
✔✔Cycle - ✔✔A set of edges that begin at one node and can be followed through other
nodes back where you started
✔✔Efficiency - ✔✔A measure of the number of steps per input size needed to complete
an algorithm
✔✔Routing Table - ✔✔A data table stored in a router that lists the routes to particular
network destinations
✔✔Minimum Spanning Tree - ✔✔Dictates the shortest aggregate path from one node to
every node
A spanning tree connecting all nodes together with the minimum aggregate value of its
edges.
✔✔Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) - ✔✔A group of volunteers, private citizens,
government officials, etc. who promote internet standards
✔✔Algorithm - ✔✔A precise sequence of instructions for processes that can be
executed by a computer
✔✔Function - ✔✔A piece of code that you can easily call over and over again.
✔✔API - ✔✔a collection of commands made available to a programmer
✔✔Documentation - ✔✔a description of the behavior of a command, function, library,
API, etc.
✔✔Parameter - ✔✔An extra piece of information that you pass to the function to
customize it for a specific need
