BIOL 122 Final Exam V3 | BIOL 122
Nutrition in Health and Illness | Actual
Q&A with Rationale (BIOL122 Final Exam)
| Concordia
1. A nurse is teaching a patient about macronutrient distribution. Which of the following
describes the primary role of carbohydrates in the body?
A. They act as the primary medium for transporting fat-soluble vitamins.
B. They are the main building blocks for muscle tissue and enzyme production.
C. They serve as the primary source of fuel for the brain and central nervous system.
D. They provide a concentrated source of energy at 9 kilocalories per gram.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation; Carbohydrates are the body’s preferred source of energy because they are
easily converted into glucose. The brain and red blood cells rely almost exclusively on
glucose for functional metabolism. While proteins build tissue and fats provide 9 kcal/g,
carbohydrates provide 4 kcal/g and prevent the breakdown of protein for energy.
2. A patient with a history of alcohol abuse is admitted with neurological symptoms. Which
vitamin deficiency should the nurse suspect is contributing to Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?
A. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
B. Cobalamin (Vitamin B12)
,C. Niacin (Vitamin B3)
D. Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
Correct Answer: D
Explanation; Thiamine deficiency is common in chronic alcoholism due to poor intake and
impaired absorption. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is a severe neurological manifestation
characterized by confusion, ataxia, and memory loss. Early administration of high-dose
thiamine is critical to prevent permanent brain damage.
3. During a prenatal visit, the nurse explains the importance of folic acid. What is the primary
reason for increasing folic acid intake during the first trimester?
A. To prevent the development of gestational diabetes.
B. To support the development of fetal bone density.
C. To reduce the risk of neural tube defects like spina bifida.
D. To increase maternal blood volume and prevent anemia.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation; Folic acid is essential for DNA synthesis and cell division during early
embryonic development. Adequate levels significantly reduce the incidence of neural tube
defects (NTDs) which occur within the first month of pregnancy. The recommended daily
intake for pregnant women is 600 mcg to ensure proper closure of the spinal column.
, 4. A client is diagnosed with Celiac disease. Which of the following foods must be strictly
avoided to prevent an inflammatory response in the small intestine?
A. Brown rice and quinoa
B. Barley soup and rye bread
C. Corn tortillas and soy milk
D. Potatoes and fresh vegetables
Correct Answer: B
Explanation; Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by the ingestion of
gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. Ingestion causes damage to the villi of the
small intestine, leading to malabsorption. Patients must adhere to a strict gluten-free diet,
substituting these grains with rice, corn, or buckwheat.
5. Select All That Apply (SATA): A nurse is assessing an elderly patient for signs of
dehydration. Which of the following are clinical manifestations of fluid volume deficit in the
geriatric population?
A. Confusion or altered mental status
B. Dry mucous membranes
C. Increased skin turgor
D. Concentrated, dark-colored urine
E. Bradycardia
Nutrition in Health and Illness | Actual
Q&A with Rationale (BIOL122 Final Exam)
| Concordia
1. A nurse is teaching a patient about macronutrient distribution. Which of the following
describes the primary role of carbohydrates in the body?
A. They act as the primary medium for transporting fat-soluble vitamins.
B. They are the main building blocks for muscle tissue and enzyme production.
C. They serve as the primary source of fuel for the brain and central nervous system.
D. They provide a concentrated source of energy at 9 kilocalories per gram.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation; Carbohydrates are the body’s preferred source of energy because they are
easily converted into glucose. The brain and red blood cells rely almost exclusively on
glucose for functional metabolism. While proteins build tissue and fats provide 9 kcal/g,
carbohydrates provide 4 kcal/g and prevent the breakdown of protein for energy.
2. A patient with a history of alcohol abuse is admitted with neurological symptoms. Which
vitamin deficiency should the nurse suspect is contributing to Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?
A. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
B. Cobalamin (Vitamin B12)
,C. Niacin (Vitamin B3)
D. Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
Correct Answer: D
Explanation; Thiamine deficiency is common in chronic alcoholism due to poor intake and
impaired absorption. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is a severe neurological manifestation
characterized by confusion, ataxia, and memory loss. Early administration of high-dose
thiamine is critical to prevent permanent brain damage.
3. During a prenatal visit, the nurse explains the importance of folic acid. What is the primary
reason for increasing folic acid intake during the first trimester?
A. To prevent the development of gestational diabetes.
B. To support the development of fetal bone density.
C. To reduce the risk of neural tube defects like spina bifida.
D. To increase maternal blood volume and prevent anemia.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation; Folic acid is essential for DNA synthesis and cell division during early
embryonic development. Adequate levels significantly reduce the incidence of neural tube
defects (NTDs) which occur within the first month of pregnancy. The recommended daily
intake for pregnant women is 600 mcg to ensure proper closure of the spinal column.
, 4. A client is diagnosed with Celiac disease. Which of the following foods must be strictly
avoided to prevent an inflammatory response in the small intestine?
A. Brown rice and quinoa
B. Barley soup and rye bread
C. Corn tortillas and soy milk
D. Potatoes and fresh vegetables
Correct Answer: B
Explanation; Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by the ingestion of
gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. Ingestion causes damage to the villi of the
small intestine, leading to malabsorption. Patients must adhere to a strict gluten-free diet,
substituting these grains with rice, corn, or buckwheat.
5. Select All That Apply (SATA): A nurse is assessing an elderly patient for signs of
dehydration. Which of the following are clinical manifestations of fluid volume deficit in the
geriatric population?
A. Confusion or altered mental status
B. Dry mucous membranes
C. Increased skin turgor
D. Concentrated, dark-colored urine
E. Bradycardia
