BIOL 122 Midterm V3 | BIOL 122 Nutrition
in Health and Illness | Actual Q&A with
Rationale (BIOL122 Midterm) | Concordia
1. Which of the following macronutrients provides 9 kilocalories per gram (kcal/g)?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Proteins
C. Alcohol
D. Lipids (Fats)
Correct Answer: D
Explanation; Lipids are the most energy-dense macronutrient, providing 9 kcal/g
compared to 4 kcal/g for carbohydrates and proteins. This high caloric density makes fats
an efficient way to store energy in the body. Understanding these values is essential for
calculating total caloric intake in nutritional assessments.
2. The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) is set to meet the needs of what percentage
of the healthy population?
A. 50%
B. 75%
C. 90%
D. 97-98%
,Correct Answer: D
Explanation; The RDA is calculated using the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) plus
two standard deviations to cover almost all healthy individuals. It serves as a goal for daily
intake to ensure nutritional adequacy across a population. This standard helps health
professionals evaluate the nutritional status of individuals and groups.
3. Which organ is primarily responsible for the production of bile?
A. Liver
B. Gallbladder
C. Pancreas
D. Small Intestine
Correct Answer: A
Explanation; The liver synthesizes bile from cholesterol to aid in the emulsification of fats.
While the gallbladder stores and concentrates bile, it does not produce it. Bile is essential
for increasing the surface area of lipids, allowing lipase enzymes to break them down more
effectively.
4. Which of the following are considered ‘Select All That Apply’ (SATA) risk factors for
developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?
A. Obesity and abdominal fat
B. Physical inactivity
, C. Genetic predisposition/family history
D. High intake of dietary fiber
E. Age over 45 years
F. History of gestational diabetes
Correct Answer: A, B, C, E, F
Explanation; Type 2 diabetes is a multifactorial metabolic disorder characterized by
insulin resistance. Modifiable risk factors include weight and activity level, while non-
modifiable factors include age and genetics. High fiber intake is actually a protective factor
rather than a risk factor for the disease.
5. What is the primary site for nutrient absorption in the gastrointestinal tract?
A. Stomach
B. Large Intestine
C. Small Intestine
D. Esophagus
Correct Answer: C
Explanation; The small intestine, specifically the jejunum and ileum, is where most
nutrients enter the bloodstream. It features specialized structures like villi and microvilli
that vastly increase the surface area for absorption. The stomach primarily handles
mechanical breakdown and protein denaturation rather than absorption.
in Health and Illness | Actual Q&A with
Rationale (BIOL122 Midterm) | Concordia
1. Which of the following macronutrients provides 9 kilocalories per gram (kcal/g)?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Proteins
C. Alcohol
D. Lipids (Fats)
Correct Answer: D
Explanation; Lipids are the most energy-dense macronutrient, providing 9 kcal/g
compared to 4 kcal/g for carbohydrates and proteins. This high caloric density makes fats
an efficient way to store energy in the body. Understanding these values is essential for
calculating total caloric intake in nutritional assessments.
2. The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) is set to meet the needs of what percentage
of the healthy population?
A. 50%
B. 75%
C. 90%
D. 97-98%
,Correct Answer: D
Explanation; The RDA is calculated using the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) plus
two standard deviations to cover almost all healthy individuals. It serves as a goal for daily
intake to ensure nutritional adequacy across a population. This standard helps health
professionals evaluate the nutritional status of individuals and groups.
3. Which organ is primarily responsible for the production of bile?
A. Liver
B. Gallbladder
C. Pancreas
D. Small Intestine
Correct Answer: A
Explanation; The liver synthesizes bile from cholesterol to aid in the emulsification of fats.
While the gallbladder stores and concentrates bile, it does not produce it. Bile is essential
for increasing the surface area of lipids, allowing lipase enzymes to break them down more
effectively.
4. Which of the following are considered ‘Select All That Apply’ (SATA) risk factors for
developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?
A. Obesity and abdominal fat
B. Physical inactivity
, C. Genetic predisposition/family history
D. High intake of dietary fiber
E. Age over 45 years
F. History of gestational diabetes
Correct Answer: A, B, C, E, F
Explanation; Type 2 diabetes is a multifactorial metabolic disorder characterized by
insulin resistance. Modifiable risk factors include weight and activity level, while non-
modifiable factors include age and genetics. High fiber intake is actually a protective factor
rather than a risk factor for the disease.
5. What is the primary site for nutrient absorption in the gastrointestinal tract?
A. Stomach
B. Large Intestine
C. Small Intestine
D. Esophagus
Correct Answer: C
Explanation; The small intestine, specifically the jejunum and ileum, is where most
nutrients enter the bloodstream. It features specialized structures like villi and microvilli
that vastly increase the surface area for absorption. The stomach primarily handles
mechanical breakdown and protein denaturation rather than absorption.
