BIOL 122 Exam 2 V3 | BIOL 122 Nutrition
in Health and Illness | Actual Q&A with
Rationale (BIOL122 Exam 2) | Concordia
1. Which of the following enzymes is responsible for initiating the digestion of starches in the
mouth?
A. Pepsin
B. Pancreatic Amylase
C. Lingual Lipase
D. Salivary Amylase
Correct Answer: D
Explanation; Salivary amylase is the primary enzyme secreted by the salivary glands that
begins the chemical breakdown of complex carbohydrates into smaller molecules. This
enzyme specifically targets alpha-1,4 glycosidic bonds in starch. It becomes inactivated
once it reaches the acidic environment of the stomach.
2. A patient with a history of chronic alcoholism is at highest risk for deficiency in which
water-soluble vitamin involved in glucose metabolism?
A. Vitamin B12
B. Vitamin C
C. Thiamin (B1)
,D. Vitamin D
Correct Answer: C
Explanation; Alcohol interferes with the absorption and utilization of thiamin, often
leading to Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Thiamin acts as a crucial coenzyme in the
conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA during aerobic metabolism. Chronic alcohol
consumption also increases the excretion of this vitamin through the kidneys.
3. Which of the following are considered essential fatty acids that must be obtained through
diet? (Select All That Apply)
A. Linoleic acid and Alpha-linolenic acid
B. Stearic acid and Oleic acid
C. Palmitic acid and Cholesterol
D. Trans-fatty acids and Glycerol
Correct Answer: A
Explanation; Linoleic acid (Omega-6) and Alpha-linolenic acid (Omega-3) are termed
essential because the human body lacks the enzymes required to place double bonds at the
3rd and 6th carbon positions. These fats are vital precursors for eicosanoids, which
regulate inflammation and blood pressure. Other fats like stearic or oleic acid can be
synthesized endogenously.
, 4. The process of nitrogen balance is used to determine protein requirements. Which patient
would likely be in a state of positive nitrogen balance?
A. A patient with a severe burn injury
B. A person suffering from starvation
C. A healthy pregnant woman
D. An elderly person with muscle wasting
Correct Answer: C
Explanation; Positive nitrogen balance occurs when nitrogen intake exceeds nitrogen
excretion, indicating that the body is building or repairing tissues. This state is
characteristic of periods of growth, such as pregnancy, childhood, or recovering from an
illness. In contrast, trauma and starvation lead to negative nitrogen balance where tissue
protein is being broken down faster than it is replaced.
5. What is the primary function of bile in the digestive process?
A. To chemically digest proteins in the stomach
B. To neutralize stomach acid in the esophagus
C. To absorb water in the large intestine
D. To emulsify large fat globules into smaller micelles
Correct Answer: D
in Health and Illness | Actual Q&A with
Rationale (BIOL122 Exam 2) | Concordia
1. Which of the following enzymes is responsible for initiating the digestion of starches in the
mouth?
A. Pepsin
B. Pancreatic Amylase
C. Lingual Lipase
D. Salivary Amylase
Correct Answer: D
Explanation; Salivary amylase is the primary enzyme secreted by the salivary glands that
begins the chemical breakdown of complex carbohydrates into smaller molecules. This
enzyme specifically targets alpha-1,4 glycosidic bonds in starch. It becomes inactivated
once it reaches the acidic environment of the stomach.
2. A patient with a history of chronic alcoholism is at highest risk for deficiency in which
water-soluble vitamin involved in glucose metabolism?
A. Vitamin B12
B. Vitamin C
C. Thiamin (B1)
,D. Vitamin D
Correct Answer: C
Explanation; Alcohol interferes with the absorption and utilization of thiamin, often
leading to Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Thiamin acts as a crucial coenzyme in the
conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA during aerobic metabolism. Chronic alcohol
consumption also increases the excretion of this vitamin through the kidneys.
3. Which of the following are considered essential fatty acids that must be obtained through
diet? (Select All That Apply)
A. Linoleic acid and Alpha-linolenic acid
B. Stearic acid and Oleic acid
C. Palmitic acid and Cholesterol
D. Trans-fatty acids and Glycerol
Correct Answer: A
Explanation; Linoleic acid (Omega-6) and Alpha-linolenic acid (Omega-3) are termed
essential because the human body lacks the enzymes required to place double bonds at the
3rd and 6th carbon positions. These fats are vital precursors for eicosanoids, which
regulate inflammation and blood pressure. Other fats like stearic or oleic acid can be
synthesized endogenously.
, 4. The process of nitrogen balance is used to determine protein requirements. Which patient
would likely be in a state of positive nitrogen balance?
A. A patient with a severe burn injury
B. A person suffering from starvation
C. A healthy pregnant woman
D. An elderly person with muscle wasting
Correct Answer: C
Explanation; Positive nitrogen balance occurs when nitrogen intake exceeds nitrogen
excretion, indicating that the body is building or repairing tissues. This state is
characteristic of periods of growth, such as pregnancy, childhood, or recovering from an
illness. In contrast, trauma and starvation lead to negative nitrogen balance where tissue
protein is being broken down faster than it is replaced.
5. What is the primary function of bile in the digestive process?
A. To chemically digest proteins in the stomach
B. To neutralize stomach acid in the esophagus
C. To absorb water in the large intestine
D. To emulsify large fat globules into smaller micelles
Correct Answer: D
