BIOL 122 Exam 1 V3 | BIOL 122 Nutrition
in Health and Illness | Actual Q&A with
Rationale (BIOL122 Exam 1) | Concordia
1. A nutritional scientist is calculating the total energy content of a meal containing 30 grams
of carbohydrates, 15 grams of protein, and 10 grams of fat. What is the total kilocalorie (kcal)
count?
A. 220 kcal
B. 310 kcal
C. 270 kcal
D. 415 kcal
Correct Answer: C
Explanation; To calculate energy, multiply grams of carbohydrates by 4 kcal, protein by 4
kcal, and fat by 9 kcal. In this case, (30x4) + (15x4) + (10x9) equals 120 + 60 + 90, totaling
270 kcal. Understanding these caloric values is fundamental to basic clinical nutrition
assessment.
2. Which of the following describes the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)?
A. The average daily intake level estimated to meet the requirements of half the healthy
individuals in a group.
,B. The highest average daily nutrient intake level likely to pose no risk of adverse health
effects.
C. The average daily nutrient intake level that is sufficient to meet the nutrient
requirements of nearly all (97-98%) healthy individuals.
D. A recommended intake value based on observed or experimentally determined
approximations.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation; The RDA is set based on the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) to ensure
that the vast majority of the population meets their needs. It serves as a target for healthy
individuals to prevent deficiency. It differs from the Adequate Intake (AI), which is used
when RDA cannot be determined.
3. In which part of the digestive tract does the majority of nutrient absorption occur?
A. Stomach
B. Esophagus
C. Large Intestine
D. Small Intestine
Correct Answer: D
Explanation; The small intestine, particularly the duodenum and jejunum, is the primary
site for nutrient absorption due to its large surface area. The surface area is significantly
, increased by structures called villi and microvilli. While the stomach initiates protein
digestion, it absorbs very few nutrients other than alcohol and some medications.
4. Select All That Apply: Which of the following are considered ‘Macronutrients’?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Vitamins
C. Proteins
D. Minerals
E. Lipids
F. Water
Correct Answer: A, C, E, F
Explanation; Macronutrients are required by the body in large amounts and include
carbohydrates, proteins, lipids (fats), and water. Vitamins and minerals are classified as
micronutrients because they are needed in much smaller quantities. Although water does
not provide energy, it is required in large volumes and is thus a macronutrient.
5. A patient has been diagnosed with a deficiency in intrinsic factor. Which nutrient’s
absorption is most likely affected?
A. Vitamin B12
B. Iron
C. Vitamin C
in Health and Illness | Actual Q&A with
Rationale (BIOL122 Exam 1) | Concordia
1. A nutritional scientist is calculating the total energy content of a meal containing 30 grams
of carbohydrates, 15 grams of protein, and 10 grams of fat. What is the total kilocalorie (kcal)
count?
A. 220 kcal
B. 310 kcal
C. 270 kcal
D. 415 kcal
Correct Answer: C
Explanation; To calculate energy, multiply grams of carbohydrates by 4 kcal, protein by 4
kcal, and fat by 9 kcal. In this case, (30x4) + (15x4) + (10x9) equals 120 + 60 + 90, totaling
270 kcal. Understanding these caloric values is fundamental to basic clinical nutrition
assessment.
2. Which of the following describes the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)?
A. The average daily intake level estimated to meet the requirements of half the healthy
individuals in a group.
,B. The highest average daily nutrient intake level likely to pose no risk of adverse health
effects.
C. The average daily nutrient intake level that is sufficient to meet the nutrient
requirements of nearly all (97-98%) healthy individuals.
D. A recommended intake value based on observed or experimentally determined
approximations.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation; The RDA is set based on the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) to ensure
that the vast majority of the population meets their needs. It serves as a target for healthy
individuals to prevent deficiency. It differs from the Adequate Intake (AI), which is used
when RDA cannot be determined.
3. In which part of the digestive tract does the majority of nutrient absorption occur?
A. Stomach
B. Esophagus
C. Large Intestine
D. Small Intestine
Correct Answer: D
Explanation; The small intestine, particularly the duodenum and jejunum, is the primary
site for nutrient absorption due to its large surface area. The surface area is significantly
, increased by structures called villi and microvilli. While the stomach initiates protein
digestion, it absorbs very few nutrients other than alcohol and some medications.
4. Select All That Apply: Which of the following are considered ‘Macronutrients’?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Vitamins
C. Proteins
D. Minerals
E. Lipids
F. Water
Correct Answer: A, C, E, F
Explanation; Macronutrients are required by the body in large amounts and include
carbohydrates, proteins, lipids (fats), and water. Vitamins and minerals are classified as
micronutrients because they are needed in much smaller quantities. Although water does
not provide energy, it is required in large volumes and is thus a macronutrient.
5. A patient has been diagnosed with a deficiency in intrinsic factor. Which nutrient’s
absorption is most likely affected?
A. Vitamin B12
B. Iron
C. Vitamin C
