APEA PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ACTUAL 500 FINAL
PAPER TESTED QUESTIONS WITH FULL
SOLUTION
◉ What is the purpose of activation of the sympathetic nervous
system, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and the
antidiuretic system in the presence of impaired cardiac pumping
and/or filling?
promotion of venous relaxation
production of arterial vasoconstriction
decrease in venous pressure
decrease in ventricular filling.
Answer: Production of arterial vasoconstriction
all three of those systems are activated in the presence of heart
failure and produce arterial vasoconstriction and help to maintain
systemic pressure to ensure tissue & organ perfusion
◉ Atherosclerosis in the lower extremities commonly causes:
venous insufficiency
peripheral artery disease
lymphadenopathy
,diabetic neuropathy.
Answer: peripheral artery disease
◉ Which of the following is not a deficit of tetralogy of Fallot?
a hole between the ventricles of the heart
a narrowing of the pulmonary valve and artery
an enlargement of the tricuspid valves
a thickening of the ventricle chambers.
Answer: an enlargement of the tricuspid valves
◉ which of the following cardiac rhythms do not lead to a decrease
in cardiac output?
normal sinus rhythm
bradycardia
atrial fibrillation
atrioventricular block.
Answer: normal sinus rhythm
◉ Aortic stenosis may be identified by:
a low-intensity, high pitched murmur
a crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur
,a high pitched and blowing murmur with a decrescendo
configuration
a murmur with a rumbling character.
Answer: a crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur
this begins shortly after the first heart sound. S1 is usually normal or
soft and the A2 (second heart sound) is usually diminished or absent
due to aortic valve calcification & immobility
◉ Transposition of the great arteries is described as:
acyanotic deficits increasing pulmonary blood flow
cyanotic defect that decreases pulmonary blood flow
cyanotic mixed defects with increased pulmonary blood flow
obstructive lesions with poor blood flow from ventricles.
Answer: cyanotic mixed defects with increased pulmonary blood
flow
◉ Which of the following cardiac rhythms is characterized by P
waves that precede each QRS interval
sinus bradycardia
atrial flutter
ventricle tachycardia
Torsades de Pointes.
Answer: Sinus bradycardia
, ◉ Pediatric patients with tetralogy of Fallot have episodes of bluish
skin during crying and feeding that are called:
tachypnea
dyspnea
tet spells
Cheyne-Stokes breathing.
Answer: tet spells
◉ Which of the following types of angina involves nocturnal
symptoms?
Classic angina
Stable angina
Prinzmetal's angina
Unstable angina.
Answer: Unstable angina
Causes symptoms at rest & at night
◉ Whish congenital heart defect is known to cause cyanotic crying
episodes precipitated by crying, feeding, or other activities?
Atrial septal defect
Ventricular septal defect
PAPER TESTED QUESTIONS WITH FULL
SOLUTION
◉ What is the purpose of activation of the sympathetic nervous
system, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and the
antidiuretic system in the presence of impaired cardiac pumping
and/or filling?
promotion of venous relaxation
production of arterial vasoconstriction
decrease in venous pressure
decrease in ventricular filling.
Answer: Production of arterial vasoconstriction
all three of those systems are activated in the presence of heart
failure and produce arterial vasoconstriction and help to maintain
systemic pressure to ensure tissue & organ perfusion
◉ Atherosclerosis in the lower extremities commonly causes:
venous insufficiency
peripheral artery disease
lymphadenopathy
,diabetic neuropathy.
Answer: peripheral artery disease
◉ Which of the following is not a deficit of tetralogy of Fallot?
a hole between the ventricles of the heart
a narrowing of the pulmonary valve and artery
an enlargement of the tricuspid valves
a thickening of the ventricle chambers.
Answer: an enlargement of the tricuspid valves
◉ which of the following cardiac rhythms do not lead to a decrease
in cardiac output?
normal sinus rhythm
bradycardia
atrial fibrillation
atrioventricular block.
Answer: normal sinus rhythm
◉ Aortic stenosis may be identified by:
a low-intensity, high pitched murmur
a crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur
,a high pitched and blowing murmur with a decrescendo
configuration
a murmur with a rumbling character.
Answer: a crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur
this begins shortly after the first heart sound. S1 is usually normal or
soft and the A2 (second heart sound) is usually diminished or absent
due to aortic valve calcification & immobility
◉ Transposition of the great arteries is described as:
acyanotic deficits increasing pulmonary blood flow
cyanotic defect that decreases pulmonary blood flow
cyanotic mixed defects with increased pulmonary blood flow
obstructive lesions with poor blood flow from ventricles.
Answer: cyanotic mixed defects with increased pulmonary blood
flow
◉ Which of the following cardiac rhythms is characterized by P
waves that precede each QRS interval
sinus bradycardia
atrial flutter
ventricle tachycardia
Torsades de Pointes.
Answer: Sinus bradycardia
, ◉ Pediatric patients with tetralogy of Fallot have episodes of bluish
skin during crying and feeding that are called:
tachypnea
dyspnea
tet spells
Cheyne-Stokes breathing.
Answer: tet spells
◉ Which of the following types of angina involves nocturnal
symptoms?
Classic angina
Stable angina
Prinzmetal's angina
Unstable angina.
Answer: Unstable angina
Causes symptoms at rest & at night
◉ Whish congenital heart defect is known to cause cyanotic crying
episodes precipitated by crying, feeding, or other activities?
Atrial septal defect
Ventricular septal defect
