NTR 454: EXAM 1 | PRACTICE QUESTIONS & ANSWERS | COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027

NTR 454: EXAM 1 | PRACTICE QUESTIONS & ANSWERS | COMPREHENSIVE
STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027


_______________ is the material received during the first few milkings that is held back from
the market and fed to the calves.



a. Colostrum

b. Dilute milk

c. Areola

d. Sweet milk - correct answer ✔✔a. Colostrum



The primary source of carbohydrate in cow's milk is ______________.



a. Oligosaccharides

b. Maltose

c. Sucrose

d. Lactose - correct answer ✔✔d. Lactose



For the *infant*, breastfeeding is associated with a decreased risk of all of the following EXCEPT:



a. Infant morbidity and mortality

b. Heart disease

c. Hypertension

d. Sudden infant death syndrome

e. Slower growth rates between 1 and 6 months - correct answer ✔✔e. Slower growth rates
between 1 and 6 months

, For the *mother*, breastfeeding is associated with a decreased risk of all of the following
EXCEPT:



a. Type II diabetes

b. Migraine

c. Ovarian cancer

d. Breast cancer

e. Depression - correct answer ✔✔b. Migraine



Which of the following components is NOT found predominantly in the aqueous (water-soluble)
phase of the milk?



a. Vitamin A

b. alpha-lactalbumin

c. Vitamin C

d. Sodium - correct answer ✔✔a. Vitamin A



The cells responsible for *milk secretion* are the _____________.



a. myoepithelial cells

b. secretory vesicles

c. secretion cells

d. epithelial cells - correct answer ✔✔d. epithelial cells



How do oligosaccharides contribute to a human infant's health status?