ALL HESI FUNDAMENTALS EXAM 2026 FINAL
PAPER COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
FULL SOLUTION
◉ In developing a plan of care for a client with dementia, the nurse
should remember that confusion in the elderly
A. is to be expected, and progresses with age
B. often follows relocation to new surroundings
C. is a result of irreversible brain pathology
D. can be prevented with adequate sleep
Answer: B. often follows relocation to new surroundings (Relocation
(B) often results in confusion among elderly clients-- moving is
stressful for anyone. (A) is stereotypical judgement. Stress in the
elderly often manifests itself as confusion, so (C) is wrong. Adequate
sleep is not a prevention (D) for confusion.)
◉ A postoperative client will need to perform daily dressing changes
after discharge. Which outcome statement best demonstrates the
client's readiness to manage his wound care after discharge? The
client
A. asks relevant questions regarding the dressing change
B. states he will be able to complete the wound care regimen
C. demonstrates the wound care procedure correctly
,D. has all the necessary supplies for wound care
Answer: C. demonstrates the wound care procedure correctly
(A return demonstration of a procedure (C) provides an objective
assessment of the client's ability to perform a task, while (A and B)
are subjective measures. (D) is important, but is less of a priority
than the the nurse's assessment of the client's ability to complete
wound care.)
◉ A client who is 5 '5" tall and weighs 200 pounds is scheduled for
surgery the next day. What question is most important for the nurse
to include during the preoperative assessment?
A. What is your daily calorie consumption?
B. What vitamin and mineral supplements do you take?"
C. "Do you feel that you are overweight?"
D. "Will a clear liquid diet be okay after surgery?"
Answer: B. "What vitamin and mineral supplements do you take?"
(Vitamin and mineral supplements (B) may impact medications
used during the operative period. (A and C) are appropriate
questions for long-term dietary counseling. The nature of the
surgery and anesthesia will determine the need for a clear liquid
diet (D), rather than the client's preference.)
◉ During the initial morning assessment, a male client denies
dysuria but reports that his urine appears dark amber. Which
intervention should the nurse implement?
,A. Provide additional coffee on the client's breakfast tray.
B. Exchange the client's grape juice for cranberry juice.
C. Bring the client additional fruit at mid-morning.
D. Encourage additional oral intake of juices and water.
Answer: D. Encourage additional oral intake of juices and water.
◉ Which intervention is most important for the nurse to implement
for a male client who is experiencing urinary retention?
A. Apply a condom catheter
B. Apply a skin protectant
C. Encourage increased fluid intake
D. Assess for bladder distention
Answer: D. Assess the bladder for distention (Urinary retention is
the inability to void all urine collected in the bladder, which leads to
uncomfortable bladder distention (D). (A and B) are useful actions
to protect the skin of a client with urinary incontinence. (C) may
worsen the bladder distention.)
◉ A client with acute hemorrhagic anemia is to receive four units of
packed RBCs as rapidly as possible. Which intervention is most
important for the nurse to implement?
A. Obtain the pre-transfusion hemoglobin level.
B. Prime the tubing and prepare a blood pump set-up
C. Monitor vital signs q 15 min for the first hour.
, D. Ensure the accuracy of the blood type match.
Answer: D. Ensure the accuracy of the blood type match.
(ALL interventions should be implemented prior to administering
blood, but (D) has the highest priority. Any time blood is
administered the nurse should ensure the accuracy of the blood type
match in order to prevent a possible hemolytic reaction.)
◉ A male client being discharged with a prescription for the
bronchodilator theophylline tells the nurse that he understands he is
to take three doses of the medication each day. Since, at the time of
discharge, time-released capsules are not available, which dosing
schedule should the nurse advise the client to follow?
Answer: 8 AM, 4 PM, and midnight
(Theophylline should be administered on a regular around the clock
schedule to provide the best bronchodilating effect and reduce the
potential for adverse effects.)
◉ A client is to receive 10 mEq of KCl diluted in 250 mL of normal
saline over 4 hours. At what rate should the nurse set the client's
intravenous infusion pump?
Answer: 63 mL/hr
◉ When evaluating a client's plan of care, the nurse determines that
a desire outcome was not achieved. Which action should the nurse
implement first?
PAPER COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
FULL SOLUTION
◉ In developing a plan of care for a client with dementia, the nurse
should remember that confusion in the elderly
A. is to be expected, and progresses with age
B. often follows relocation to new surroundings
C. is a result of irreversible brain pathology
D. can be prevented with adequate sleep
Answer: B. often follows relocation to new surroundings (Relocation
(B) often results in confusion among elderly clients-- moving is
stressful for anyone. (A) is stereotypical judgement. Stress in the
elderly often manifests itself as confusion, so (C) is wrong. Adequate
sleep is not a prevention (D) for confusion.)
◉ A postoperative client will need to perform daily dressing changes
after discharge. Which outcome statement best demonstrates the
client's readiness to manage his wound care after discharge? The
client
A. asks relevant questions regarding the dressing change
B. states he will be able to complete the wound care regimen
C. demonstrates the wound care procedure correctly
,D. has all the necessary supplies for wound care
Answer: C. demonstrates the wound care procedure correctly
(A return demonstration of a procedure (C) provides an objective
assessment of the client's ability to perform a task, while (A and B)
are subjective measures. (D) is important, but is less of a priority
than the the nurse's assessment of the client's ability to complete
wound care.)
◉ A client who is 5 '5" tall and weighs 200 pounds is scheduled for
surgery the next day. What question is most important for the nurse
to include during the preoperative assessment?
A. What is your daily calorie consumption?
B. What vitamin and mineral supplements do you take?"
C. "Do you feel that you are overweight?"
D. "Will a clear liquid diet be okay after surgery?"
Answer: B. "What vitamin and mineral supplements do you take?"
(Vitamin and mineral supplements (B) may impact medications
used during the operative period. (A and C) are appropriate
questions for long-term dietary counseling. The nature of the
surgery and anesthesia will determine the need for a clear liquid
diet (D), rather than the client's preference.)
◉ During the initial morning assessment, a male client denies
dysuria but reports that his urine appears dark amber. Which
intervention should the nurse implement?
,A. Provide additional coffee on the client's breakfast tray.
B. Exchange the client's grape juice for cranberry juice.
C. Bring the client additional fruit at mid-morning.
D. Encourage additional oral intake of juices and water.
Answer: D. Encourage additional oral intake of juices and water.
◉ Which intervention is most important for the nurse to implement
for a male client who is experiencing urinary retention?
A. Apply a condom catheter
B. Apply a skin protectant
C. Encourage increased fluid intake
D. Assess for bladder distention
Answer: D. Assess the bladder for distention (Urinary retention is
the inability to void all urine collected in the bladder, which leads to
uncomfortable bladder distention (D). (A and B) are useful actions
to protect the skin of a client with urinary incontinence. (C) may
worsen the bladder distention.)
◉ A client with acute hemorrhagic anemia is to receive four units of
packed RBCs as rapidly as possible. Which intervention is most
important for the nurse to implement?
A. Obtain the pre-transfusion hemoglobin level.
B. Prime the tubing and prepare a blood pump set-up
C. Monitor vital signs q 15 min for the first hour.
, D. Ensure the accuracy of the blood type match.
Answer: D. Ensure the accuracy of the blood type match.
(ALL interventions should be implemented prior to administering
blood, but (D) has the highest priority. Any time blood is
administered the nurse should ensure the accuracy of the blood type
match in order to prevent a possible hemolytic reaction.)
◉ A male client being discharged with a prescription for the
bronchodilator theophylline tells the nurse that he understands he is
to take three doses of the medication each day. Since, at the time of
discharge, time-released capsules are not available, which dosing
schedule should the nurse advise the client to follow?
Answer: 8 AM, 4 PM, and midnight
(Theophylline should be administered on a regular around the clock
schedule to provide the best bronchodilating effect and reduce the
potential for adverse effects.)
◉ A client is to receive 10 mEq of KCl diluted in 250 mL of normal
saline over 4 hours. At what rate should the nurse set the client's
intravenous infusion pump?
Answer: 63 mL/hr
◉ When evaluating a client's plan of care, the nurse determines that
a desire outcome was not achieved. Which action should the nurse
implement first?
