1
Biology 252 Exam 2 2025 Complete Question And
Answer Full Exam| VERIFIED EXAM
Describe the cells of the bone tissue - (ANSWER)-Osteogenic cells
-Osteoblasts
-Osteocytes
-Osteoclasts
law, and mathematics, their format, and how they evaluate students’ comprehension and application of core concepts. We will also discuss the similarities and prepares students for leadership and management roles
in various industries. It focuses on critical thinking, decision-making, problem-solving, and understanding organizational
What membrane lines the internal canals and the small cavities of the compact
and spongy bones? - (ANSWER)Endosteum
What is the periosteum composed of? - (ANSWER)-Dense irregular connective
tissue
-Collagen fibers
-Outer fibrous layer has fibroblasts
-Inner layer has progenitor cells that become osteoblasts
Describe the matrix of the bone tissue - (ANSWER)-Stony matter surrounding
osteocytes and lacunae
-1/3 organic (collagen and protein-carb complex) and 2/3 inorganic (CaK,
CaCO3...)
-gives bone flexibility and strength
-Minerals resist compression
-Collagen resists tension
, 2
Compare the function of the organic and the inorganic material in the bone
matrix - (ANSWER)-Inorganic (minerals) resist compression
-Organic (protein-carb complex/collagen) resists tension
Why does calcification result in death of chondrocytes, while ossification does not
result in death of osteocytes? - (ANSWER)Chondroblasts are surrounded by
cartilage matrix and receive oxygen and nutrients by diffusion through the matrix.
When the matrix becomes calcified, diffusion is reduced the the point that the
cells die. When osteoblasts form bone matrix, they connect to one another by
their cell processes. Thus, when the matrix is laid down, canaliculi are formed.
Even though the ossified bone matrix is dense and prevents significant diffusion,
the osteocytes can receive gases and nutrients through the canaliculi or by
movement form one osteocyte to another.
law, and mathematics, their format, and how they evaluate students’ comprehension and application of core concepts. We will also discuss the similarities and prepares students for leadership and management roles
in various industries. It focuses on critical thinking, decision-making, problem-solving, and understanding organizational
Describe the process of endochondral ossification. - (ANSWER)1. Hyaline cartilage
is covered with fibrous perichondrium
2. In middle of cartilage (primary oss. center), chondrocytes die, and the thin wall
calcify. Perichondrium cells become osteoblasts and form bony collar-periosteum.
3. Blood vessels grow into primary oss. center. Osteoclasts come and hollow out
calcified center (primary marrow cavity). Osteoblasts come and deposit bone,
thickening shaft. Second oss. center develops at ends of bone.
4. Second oss. center hollows out secondary marrow cavity. Dividing line is
formed-metaphysis.
5. Epiphyseal plate surrounding by metaphysis exists; enables bones to grow in
length and width.
, 3
6. No more cartilage=no more room to grow; only cartilage is articular cartilage,
which needs to stay mushy
What is the effect of inadequate levels of calcium in the diet of an adult on the
skeleton? - (ANSWER)Since we need calcium for everything, the parathyroid
hormone stimulates osteoclast activity and breaks down bones to release
calcium. Bones become brittle and porous.
The epiphyseal cartilage becomes ossified in our youth. On the other hand, the
articular cartilage does not become ossified. Why is that advantageous? -
(ANSWER)Growth of articular cartilage results in an increase in the size of the
epiphyses. This is only one of the functions of articular cartilage; it also forms a
smooth, resilient covering over the ends of the epiphyses within joints. Ossified
articular cartilage could not perform that function.
law, and mathematics, their format, and how they evaluate students’ comprehension and application of core concepts. We will also discuss the similarities and prepares students for leadership and management roles
in various industries. It focuses on critical thinking, decision-making, problem-solving, and understanding organizational
A 12 year old girl produces relatively large amount of estrogen, a sex hormone
that stimulates growth of the epiphyseal plate, as well as the rate of ossification.
How will that affect her height in future months? At the age of 25? -
(ANSWER)Her growth for the next few months increases, and she may be taller
than a typical 12-year-old female. Because the epiphyseal plates ossify earlier
than normal, however, her height at age 18 will be less than otherwise expected.
Why do astronauts experience a dramatic decrease in bone density? -
(ANSWER)When a limb is immobilized in a cast, when an astronaut experiences
zero gravity, or whenever a person lies down, the weight-bearing bones of the
body such as those in the spine and leg, are relieved of their burden, a condition
known as skeletal unloading.
Biology 252 Exam 2 2025 Complete Question And
Answer Full Exam| VERIFIED EXAM
Describe the cells of the bone tissue - (ANSWER)-Osteogenic cells
-Osteoblasts
-Osteocytes
-Osteoclasts
law, and mathematics, their format, and how they evaluate students’ comprehension and application of core concepts. We will also discuss the similarities and prepares students for leadership and management roles
in various industries. It focuses on critical thinking, decision-making, problem-solving, and understanding organizational
What membrane lines the internal canals and the small cavities of the compact
and spongy bones? - (ANSWER)Endosteum
What is the periosteum composed of? - (ANSWER)-Dense irregular connective
tissue
-Collagen fibers
-Outer fibrous layer has fibroblasts
-Inner layer has progenitor cells that become osteoblasts
Describe the matrix of the bone tissue - (ANSWER)-Stony matter surrounding
osteocytes and lacunae
-1/3 organic (collagen and protein-carb complex) and 2/3 inorganic (CaK,
CaCO3...)
-gives bone flexibility and strength
-Minerals resist compression
-Collagen resists tension
, 2
Compare the function of the organic and the inorganic material in the bone
matrix - (ANSWER)-Inorganic (minerals) resist compression
-Organic (protein-carb complex/collagen) resists tension
Why does calcification result in death of chondrocytes, while ossification does not
result in death of osteocytes? - (ANSWER)Chondroblasts are surrounded by
cartilage matrix and receive oxygen and nutrients by diffusion through the matrix.
When the matrix becomes calcified, diffusion is reduced the the point that the
cells die. When osteoblasts form bone matrix, they connect to one another by
their cell processes. Thus, when the matrix is laid down, canaliculi are formed.
Even though the ossified bone matrix is dense and prevents significant diffusion,
the osteocytes can receive gases and nutrients through the canaliculi or by
movement form one osteocyte to another.
law, and mathematics, their format, and how they evaluate students’ comprehension and application of core concepts. We will also discuss the similarities and prepares students for leadership and management roles
in various industries. It focuses on critical thinking, decision-making, problem-solving, and understanding organizational
Describe the process of endochondral ossification. - (ANSWER)1. Hyaline cartilage
is covered with fibrous perichondrium
2. In middle of cartilage (primary oss. center), chondrocytes die, and the thin wall
calcify. Perichondrium cells become osteoblasts and form bony collar-periosteum.
3. Blood vessels grow into primary oss. center. Osteoclasts come and hollow out
calcified center (primary marrow cavity). Osteoblasts come and deposit bone,
thickening shaft. Second oss. center develops at ends of bone.
4. Second oss. center hollows out secondary marrow cavity. Dividing line is
formed-metaphysis.
5. Epiphyseal plate surrounding by metaphysis exists; enables bones to grow in
length and width.
, 3
6. No more cartilage=no more room to grow; only cartilage is articular cartilage,
which needs to stay mushy
What is the effect of inadequate levels of calcium in the diet of an adult on the
skeleton? - (ANSWER)Since we need calcium for everything, the parathyroid
hormone stimulates osteoclast activity and breaks down bones to release
calcium. Bones become brittle and porous.
The epiphyseal cartilage becomes ossified in our youth. On the other hand, the
articular cartilage does not become ossified. Why is that advantageous? -
(ANSWER)Growth of articular cartilage results in an increase in the size of the
epiphyses. This is only one of the functions of articular cartilage; it also forms a
smooth, resilient covering over the ends of the epiphyses within joints. Ossified
articular cartilage could not perform that function.
law, and mathematics, their format, and how they evaluate students’ comprehension and application of core concepts. We will also discuss the similarities and prepares students for leadership and management roles
in various industries. It focuses on critical thinking, decision-making, problem-solving, and understanding organizational
A 12 year old girl produces relatively large amount of estrogen, a sex hormone
that stimulates growth of the epiphyseal plate, as well as the rate of ossification.
How will that affect her height in future months? At the age of 25? -
(ANSWER)Her growth for the next few months increases, and she may be taller
than a typical 12-year-old female. Because the epiphyseal plates ossify earlier
than normal, however, her height at age 18 will be less than otherwise expected.
Why do astronauts experience a dramatic decrease in bone density? -
(ANSWER)When a limb is immobilized in a cast, when an astronaut experiences
zero gravity, or whenever a person lies down, the weight-bearing bones of the
body such as those in the spine and leg, are relieved of their burden, a condition
known as skeletal unloading.
