Neuroscience Examination
Questions and Correct
Answers (Verified Answers)
Plus Rationales 2026 Q&A |
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Question 1
The basic functional unit of the nervous system is the:
A. Astrocyte
B. Oligodendrocyte
C. Microglial cell
D. Neuron
Answer: D. Neuron
Rationale: Neurons are specialized cells that receive, process, and transmit
electrical and chemical signals throughout the nervous system.
Question 2
The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the:
A. Brain and peripheral nerves
B. Spinal nerves and ganglia
,C. Cranial nerves and spinal nerves
D. Brain and spinal cord
Answer: D. Brain and spinal cord
Rationale: The CNS includes the brain and spinal cord, which integrate and
coordinate nervous system activity.
Question 3
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) includes:
A. Brain only
B. Spinal cord only
C. Brainstem only
D. Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and ganglia
Answer: D. Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and ganglia
Rationale: The PNS consists of all nervous tissue outside the brain and spinal cord.
Question 4
The part of a neuron that receives incoming signals is the:
A. Axon
B. Axon terminal
C. Myelin sheath
D. Dendrite
Answer: D. Dendrite
Rationale: Dendrites receive signals from other neurons and carry them toward
the cell body.
Question 5
The part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from the cell body is the:
,A. Dendrite
B. Soma
C. Nucleus
D. Axon
Answer: D. Axon
Rationale: Axons transmit action potentials from the cell body to target cells.
Question 6
The cell body of a neuron is also called the:
A. Synapse
B. Node
C. Terminal
D. Soma
Answer: D. Soma
Rationale: The soma contains the nucleus and most organelles needed for cell
maintenance.
Question 7
The junction where one neuron communicates with another cell is the:
A. Myelin sheath
B. Dendrite
C. Node of Ranvier
D. Synapse
Answer: D. Synapse
Rationale: Synapses are specialized junctions that transmit signals between
neurons or from neurons to other cells.
Question 8
, The insulating covering around many axons is the:
A. Cytoplasm
B. Dendritic spine
C. Synaptic cleft
D. Myelin sheath
Answer: D. Myelin sheath
Rationale: Myelin increases the speed of electrical impulse conduction along
axons.
Question 9
In the central nervous system, myelin is produced by:
A. Schwann cells
B. Astrocytes
C. Microglia
D. Oligodendrocytes
Answer: D. Oligodendrocytes
Rationale: Oligodendrocytes form myelin around CNS axons.
Question 10
In the peripheral nervous system, myelin is produced by:
A. Astrocytes
B. Microglia
C. Oligodendrocytes
D. Schwann cells
Answer: D. Schwann cells
Rationale: Schwann cells wrap around peripheral axons to produce myelin.
Questions and Correct
Answers (Verified Answers)
Plus Rationales 2026 Q&A |
Instant Download Pdf
Question 1
The basic functional unit of the nervous system is the:
A. Astrocyte
B. Oligodendrocyte
C. Microglial cell
D. Neuron
Answer: D. Neuron
Rationale: Neurons are specialized cells that receive, process, and transmit
electrical and chemical signals throughout the nervous system.
Question 2
The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the:
A. Brain and peripheral nerves
B. Spinal nerves and ganglia
,C. Cranial nerves and spinal nerves
D. Brain and spinal cord
Answer: D. Brain and spinal cord
Rationale: The CNS includes the brain and spinal cord, which integrate and
coordinate nervous system activity.
Question 3
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) includes:
A. Brain only
B. Spinal cord only
C. Brainstem only
D. Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and ganglia
Answer: D. Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and ganglia
Rationale: The PNS consists of all nervous tissue outside the brain and spinal cord.
Question 4
The part of a neuron that receives incoming signals is the:
A. Axon
B. Axon terminal
C. Myelin sheath
D. Dendrite
Answer: D. Dendrite
Rationale: Dendrites receive signals from other neurons and carry them toward
the cell body.
Question 5
The part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from the cell body is the:
,A. Dendrite
B. Soma
C. Nucleus
D. Axon
Answer: D. Axon
Rationale: Axons transmit action potentials from the cell body to target cells.
Question 6
The cell body of a neuron is also called the:
A. Synapse
B. Node
C. Terminal
D. Soma
Answer: D. Soma
Rationale: The soma contains the nucleus and most organelles needed for cell
maintenance.
Question 7
The junction where one neuron communicates with another cell is the:
A. Myelin sheath
B. Dendrite
C. Node of Ranvier
D. Synapse
Answer: D. Synapse
Rationale: Synapses are specialized junctions that transmit signals between
neurons or from neurons to other cells.
Question 8
, The insulating covering around many axons is the:
A. Cytoplasm
B. Dendritic spine
C. Synaptic cleft
D. Myelin sheath
Answer: D. Myelin sheath
Rationale: Myelin increases the speed of electrical impulse conduction along
axons.
Question 9
In the central nervous system, myelin is produced by:
A. Schwann cells
B. Astrocytes
C. Microglia
D. Oligodendrocytes
Answer: D. Oligodendrocytes
Rationale: Oligodendrocytes form myelin around CNS axons.
Question 10
In the peripheral nervous system, myelin is produced by:
A. Astrocytes
B. Microglia
C. Oligodendrocytes
D. Schwann cells
Answer: D. Schwann cells
Rationale: Schwann cells wrap around peripheral axons to produce myelin.
