PSYC 2301 EXAMS SCRIPT 2026/2027 QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Define cognitive psychology - ✔✔investigates mental processes including thinking,
problem solving, and information processing = mind how code message
✔✔Define social psychology - ✔✔recognizes that behavior varies around averages and
that individual differences often interact with environment = influenced by people
✔✔Define developmental psychology - ✔✔investigates the normal changes in behavior
that occur across the lifespan = how we grow
✔✔Define clinical psychology - ✔✔explains, defines, and treats psychological disorders
and promotes general well being
✔✔What do the authors of your text believe regarding the future of psychology? -
✔✔will be 1 of combine & integrating new and existing perspective
✔✔Where will the highest percentage of doctoral level psychologist work? - ✔✔37%
✔✔What is the current trend in many psychology graduate school programs? - ✔✔not
prescribe medication / students are being trained in combined specialties
✔✔According to your text how is "science" described today? - ✔✔science = knowledge
+ special way learning about reality through systematic observation and experimental
✔✔Define critical thinking - ✔✔ability to think clearly, rationally and independently.
follow logical argument identify mistake logic -> attitude belief , value
✔✔Describe peer review - ✔✔it's scrutinized by other scientists who are expert on your
area
✔✔Describe replication - ✔✔repeat an experiment and producing the same result
✔✔Describe case study - ✔✔Non experimental = descriptive studies depth analysis -
very rare and unusual, @ medical field, (HM) Disadv : can not specific to generalize
information
✔✔Describe naturalistic observation - ✔✔Non experimental = descriptive studies /
behavior of people and animals in their natural setting ( watch + observe ) / expensive +
time
✔✔What is an advantage of survey research? - ✔✔lie , bias
, ✔✔Define sample - ✔✔a subset of a population being study / self report
✔✔What do surveys rely on? - ✔✔volunteer / self report
✔✔Define correlation - ✔✔measure of direction and strength of relationship bw 2
variable / predict 1 variable relate others / not infer cause - effect
✔✔Describe a weak correlation - ✔✔between -1 , 1
✔✔Describe correlation study - ✔✔a measure of direction & strength of relationship
between 2 variable
✔✔Describe experimental study - ✔✔establish cause-effect = manipulation of
independent variable to produce changes in dependent variable. Potential
problems:Selection Bias-controlled by random assignment of subjects in different
groups / Placebo Effect (effect due to mental expectation)-controlled by a control group
given a placebo Experimenter / Bias-controlled by the double-blind technique
✔✔Define meta-analysis - ✔✔analyse of many previous experiment on single topic (
change textbook every 2 year)
✔✔Describe independent and dependent variables - ✔✔Independent variable: control +
manipulate by experimenter ( if A happens, ... )
Dependent variable: a measure that demonstates the effects of an independent variable
( the result ...)
✔✔Describe experimental and control groups - ✔✔experimental group: do experiences
the independent variable = who receive special treatment.
control group: experiences all experimental procedures with exception of exposure to
independent variable = consists of similar subjects who do not receive treatment given
to experimental group
✔✔Define random assignment - ✔✔each participant has an equal chance of being
assigned to any group
✔✔Define cross-sectional study - ✔✔experimental = age relate to changes = stimulate
from people of different age / disease and exposure statuses are measured
simultaneously in a given population. / measure cholesterol levels in daily walkers
across two age groups, over 40 and under 40, and compare these to cholesterol levels
among non-walkers in the same age groups
✔✔Define longitudinal study - ✔✔experiment for accessing age related change in which
data are obtained for same individual at interval over long period ( children @
depression) researchers conduct several observations of the same subjects over a
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Define cognitive psychology - ✔✔investigates mental processes including thinking,
problem solving, and information processing = mind how code message
✔✔Define social psychology - ✔✔recognizes that behavior varies around averages and
that individual differences often interact with environment = influenced by people
✔✔Define developmental psychology - ✔✔investigates the normal changes in behavior
that occur across the lifespan = how we grow
✔✔Define clinical psychology - ✔✔explains, defines, and treats psychological disorders
and promotes general well being
✔✔What do the authors of your text believe regarding the future of psychology? -
✔✔will be 1 of combine & integrating new and existing perspective
✔✔Where will the highest percentage of doctoral level psychologist work? - ✔✔37%
✔✔What is the current trend in many psychology graduate school programs? - ✔✔not
prescribe medication / students are being trained in combined specialties
✔✔According to your text how is "science" described today? - ✔✔science = knowledge
+ special way learning about reality through systematic observation and experimental
✔✔Define critical thinking - ✔✔ability to think clearly, rationally and independently.
follow logical argument identify mistake logic -> attitude belief , value
✔✔Describe peer review - ✔✔it's scrutinized by other scientists who are expert on your
area
✔✔Describe replication - ✔✔repeat an experiment and producing the same result
✔✔Describe case study - ✔✔Non experimental = descriptive studies depth analysis -
very rare and unusual, @ medical field, (HM) Disadv : can not specific to generalize
information
✔✔Describe naturalistic observation - ✔✔Non experimental = descriptive studies /
behavior of people and animals in their natural setting ( watch + observe ) / expensive +
time
✔✔What is an advantage of survey research? - ✔✔lie , bias
, ✔✔Define sample - ✔✔a subset of a population being study / self report
✔✔What do surveys rely on? - ✔✔volunteer / self report
✔✔Define correlation - ✔✔measure of direction and strength of relationship bw 2
variable / predict 1 variable relate others / not infer cause - effect
✔✔Describe a weak correlation - ✔✔between -1 , 1
✔✔Describe correlation study - ✔✔a measure of direction & strength of relationship
between 2 variable
✔✔Describe experimental study - ✔✔establish cause-effect = manipulation of
independent variable to produce changes in dependent variable. Potential
problems:Selection Bias-controlled by random assignment of subjects in different
groups / Placebo Effect (effect due to mental expectation)-controlled by a control group
given a placebo Experimenter / Bias-controlled by the double-blind technique
✔✔Define meta-analysis - ✔✔analyse of many previous experiment on single topic (
change textbook every 2 year)
✔✔Describe independent and dependent variables - ✔✔Independent variable: control +
manipulate by experimenter ( if A happens, ... )
Dependent variable: a measure that demonstates the effects of an independent variable
( the result ...)
✔✔Describe experimental and control groups - ✔✔experimental group: do experiences
the independent variable = who receive special treatment.
control group: experiences all experimental procedures with exception of exposure to
independent variable = consists of similar subjects who do not receive treatment given
to experimental group
✔✔Define random assignment - ✔✔each participant has an equal chance of being
assigned to any group
✔✔Define cross-sectional study - ✔✔experimental = age relate to changes = stimulate
from people of different age / disease and exposure statuses are measured
simultaneously in a given population. / measure cholesterol levels in daily walkers
across two age groups, over 40 and under 40, and compare these to cholesterol levels
among non-walkers in the same age groups
✔✔Define longitudinal study - ✔✔experiment for accessing age related change in which
data are obtained for same individual at interval over long period ( children @
depression) researchers conduct several observations of the same subjects over a
