PSYCHOLOGY 2301 LATEST EXAM 2026/2027 QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Bias - ✔✔Sample - research participants do not represent larger population.
Experimenter - researcher influences results. Participant - experimental conditions
influence participant's behavior.
✔✔Social desirability - ✔✔Deliberate attempt to mislead researcher. Example: reporting
on how much you drink .Participant may under-report to whatever is socially acceptable.
✔✔Double Blind - ✔✔An experimental technique in which both the researcher and the
participants are unaware of (blind to) who is in the experimental or control groups.
✔✔Confidentiality - ✔✔Information is kept private and not published.
✔✔Informed consent - ✔✔A participant's agreement to take part in a study after being
told what to expect.
✔✔Debriefing - ✔✔A discussion procedure conducted at the end of an experiment or
study; participants are informed of the study's design and purpose, possible
misconceptions are clarified, questions answered, and explanations are provided for
any possible deception.
✔✔Deception - ✔✔Deceiving participant so that participants respond naturally.
✔✔Introspection - ✔✔Study of mental life
✔✔Behavioral Genetics - ✔✔The study of the relative effects of heredity and the
environment on behavior and mental processes.
✔✔Genes - ✔✔A segment of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) that occupies a specific
place on a particular chromosome and carries the code for hereditary transmission.
✔✔DNA - ✔✔Deoxyribonucleic Acid) are complex
molecules containing genetic information used
in development.
✔✔Neuron - ✔✔nerve cell; basic building block of the nervous system; responsible for
receiving, processing, and transmitting electrochemical information.
✔✔Dendrites - ✔✔receivers
✔✔Heritability - ✔✔A statistical formula that provides a percentage of variation in a
population attributable to genetic factors rather than to differences in the environment.
, ✔✔Dominant - ✔✔reveals whenever gene is present
✔✔Recessive - ✔✔expressed only if the other gene in the pair is also recessive
✔✔Neurotransmitter - ✔✔A chemical messenger released by neurons that travels
across the synapse and allows neurons to communicate with one another.
✔✔Action Potential - ✔✔neural impulse or brief electrical charge that travels down axon
✔✔Serotonin - ✔✔Mood, sleep, appetite, sensory perception, arousal, temperature
regulation, pain suppression, and impulsivity; low levels of serotonin associated with
depression.
✔✔Dopamine - ✔✔Too much DA associated with schizophrenia; Too little DA linked w/
Parkinson's disease; also plays role in addiction and the reward system; movement,
attention, memory, learning, and emotion.
✔✔GABA - ✔✔Neural inhibition; tranquilizing drugs (Valium) increase inhibitory effects
which decrease anxiety
✔✔Norepinephrine - ✔✔low levels associated w/ depression; high levels associated
with agitated, manic states; learning, memory, dreaming, emotion, waking from sleep,
eating, alertness, wakefulness, reactions to stress.
✔✔CNS - ✔✔The part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.
✔✔PNS - ✔✔The part of the nervous system composed of the nerves and neurons
connecting the central nervous system (CNS) to the rest of the body.
✔✔Sympathetic Nervous System - ✔✔The subdivision of the autonomic nervous
system (ANS) that is responsible for arousing the body and mobilizing its energy during
times of stress; also called the fight or flight system.
✔✔Parasympathetic Nervous System - ✔✔The subdivision of the autonomic nervous
system (ANS) that is responsible for calming the body and conserving energy.
✔✔Brainstem - ✔✔automatic survival; heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure, etc.
✔✔Medulla - ✔✔controls heartbeat and breathing
✔✔Pons - ✔✔Help coordinate automatic movement i.e. blinking, balance, etc.
AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Bias - ✔✔Sample - research participants do not represent larger population.
Experimenter - researcher influences results. Participant - experimental conditions
influence participant's behavior.
✔✔Social desirability - ✔✔Deliberate attempt to mislead researcher. Example: reporting
on how much you drink .Participant may under-report to whatever is socially acceptable.
✔✔Double Blind - ✔✔An experimental technique in which both the researcher and the
participants are unaware of (blind to) who is in the experimental or control groups.
✔✔Confidentiality - ✔✔Information is kept private and not published.
✔✔Informed consent - ✔✔A participant's agreement to take part in a study after being
told what to expect.
✔✔Debriefing - ✔✔A discussion procedure conducted at the end of an experiment or
study; participants are informed of the study's design and purpose, possible
misconceptions are clarified, questions answered, and explanations are provided for
any possible deception.
✔✔Deception - ✔✔Deceiving participant so that participants respond naturally.
✔✔Introspection - ✔✔Study of mental life
✔✔Behavioral Genetics - ✔✔The study of the relative effects of heredity and the
environment on behavior and mental processes.
✔✔Genes - ✔✔A segment of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) that occupies a specific
place on a particular chromosome and carries the code for hereditary transmission.
✔✔DNA - ✔✔Deoxyribonucleic Acid) are complex
molecules containing genetic information used
in development.
✔✔Neuron - ✔✔nerve cell; basic building block of the nervous system; responsible for
receiving, processing, and transmitting electrochemical information.
✔✔Dendrites - ✔✔receivers
✔✔Heritability - ✔✔A statistical formula that provides a percentage of variation in a
population attributable to genetic factors rather than to differences in the environment.
, ✔✔Dominant - ✔✔reveals whenever gene is present
✔✔Recessive - ✔✔expressed only if the other gene in the pair is also recessive
✔✔Neurotransmitter - ✔✔A chemical messenger released by neurons that travels
across the synapse and allows neurons to communicate with one another.
✔✔Action Potential - ✔✔neural impulse or brief electrical charge that travels down axon
✔✔Serotonin - ✔✔Mood, sleep, appetite, sensory perception, arousal, temperature
regulation, pain suppression, and impulsivity; low levels of serotonin associated with
depression.
✔✔Dopamine - ✔✔Too much DA associated with schizophrenia; Too little DA linked w/
Parkinson's disease; also plays role in addiction and the reward system; movement,
attention, memory, learning, and emotion.
✔✔GABA - ✔✔Neural inhibition; tranquilizing drugs (Valium) increase inhibitory effects
which decrease anxiety
✔✔Norepinephrine - ✔✔low levels associated w/ depression; high levels associated
with agitated, manic states; learning, memory, dreaming, emotion, waking from sleep,
eating, alertness, wakefulness, reactions to stress.
✔✔CNS - ✔✔The part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.
✔✔PNS - ✔✔The part of the nervous system composed of the nerves and neurons
connecting the central nervous system (CNS) to the rest of the body.
✔✔Sympathetic Nervous System - ✔✔The subdivision of the autonomic nervous
system (ANS) that is responsible for arousing the body and mobilizing its energy during
times of stress; also called the fight or flight system.
✔✔Parasympathetic Nervous System - ✔✔The subdivision of the autonomic nervous
system (ANS) that is responsible for calming the body and conserving energy.
✔✔Brainstem - ✔✔automatic survival; heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure, etc.
✔✔Medulla - ✔✔controls heartbeat and breathing
✔✔Pons - ✔✔Help coordinate automatic movement i.e. blinking, balance, etc.
