AMSCO AP US HISTORY FINAL EXAM 2026/2027
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔NDEA, NASA - ✔✔In 1958, Congress created the National Defense and Education
Act (NDEA) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). (p. 586)
✔✔U-2 incident - ✔✔In 1960, the Soviet military used a guided missile to shoot down
an American U-2 spy plane over Soviet territory, revealing a formerly secret American
tactic of the Cold War. (p. 586)
✔✔Cuba, Fidel Castro - ✔✔A bearded socialist leader who overthrew a dictator in 1959
and established a Marxist socialist state in Cuba, only 90 miles from the United States.
He nationalized American-owned businesses and the U.S. cut off trade with the country.
(p. 587)
✔✔military-industrial complex - ✔✔In his farewell address, President Eisenhower
warned the nation to "guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence... by the
military-industrial complex". (p. 587)
✔✔Jackie Robinson - ✔✔The first African American player in major league baseball.
His actions helped to bring about other opportunities for African Americans. (p. 588)
✔✔causes of movement - ✔✔The origins of the 1950s civil rights movement was the
migration of African Americans to the North where they gained more political power. As
the United States battled the Soviets for the hearts and minds of people around the
world, it was clear that racial discrimination in the U.S. was a wrong that needed to be
corrected. (p. 588)
✔✔NAACP - ✔✔The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People tried
to protect the constitutional right of African Americans. (p. 588)
✔✔desegregation - ✔✔The action of incorporating a racial or religious group into a
community. (p. 588)
✔✔Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka - ✔✔In May 1954, the Supreme Court
agreed with Thurgood Marshal and ruled that "separate facilities are inherently unequal"
and unconstitutional, and that school segregation should end immediately. (p. 588)
✔✔Earl Warren - ✔✔Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, who presided over the Brown
v. Board of Education of Topeka case, which overturned Plessy v. Ferguson. (p. 588)
✔✔Southern Manifesto - ✔✔After the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Supreme
Court decision, 101 members of Congress signed this manifesto condemning the
Supreme Court for a "clear abuse of judicial power". (p. 588)
, ✔✔Little Rock Crisis - ✔✔In 1957, Governor Faubus used the Arkansas National Guard
to prevent nine black students from entering Little Rock Central High School. President
Eisenhower sent federal troops to ensure the black students could attend class. (p. 589)
✔✔Rosa Parks - ✔✔In 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, a middle aged black woman
refused to give up her seat on a bus, which led to her arrest for violating segregation
laws. This triggered an African American protest of boycotting the city buses. (p. 589)
✔✔Montgomery bus boycott - ✔✔Rosa Park sparked a massive Afican American
protest of the Montgomery, Alabama buses. (p. 589)
✔✔Martin Luther King Jr. - ✔✔The minister of a Baptist church in Montgomery,
Alabama, and a civil rights leader. (p. 589)
✔✔Civil Rights acts of 1957, 1960 - ✔✔The first civil rights laws since Reconstruction,
they formed the Civil Rights Commission and provided some protection for the voting
rights of blacks. (p. 590)
✔✔Civil Rights Commission - ✔✔Created by civil rights laws of 1957 and 1960. (p. 590)
✔✔Southern Christian Leadership Conference - ✔✔In 1957, Martin Luther King Jr.
organized ministers and churches to create this civil rights organization. (p. 590)
✔✔nonviolent protest - ✔✔To call attention to the injustice of segregated facilities
students would deliberately invite arrest by sitting in restricted areas. (p. 590)
✔✔sit-in movement - ✔✔In February 1960, African American college students in
Greensboro, North Carolina created this protest after they were refused service at a
segregated Woolworth's lunch counter. (p. 590)
✔✔Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee - ✔✔In 1960, an organization that
called attention to the sit-in movement. (p. 590)
✔✔immigration issues - ✔✔In the 1950s, Congress dropped the bans on Chinese and
other Asian immigrants and eliminated race as barrier to naturalization. (p. 590)
✔✔Operation Wetback - ✔✔In the early 1950s, this program forced an estimated 3.8
million people to return to Mexico. (p. 590)
✔✔homogeneity - ✔✔A description of American 1950s culture. (p. 590)
✔✔popular culture - ✔✔In the 1950s, white suburbanites conformed to societal norms.
(p. 590)
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔NDEA, NASA - ✔✔In 1958, Congress created the National Defense and Education
Act (NDEA) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). (p. 586)
✔✔U-2 incident - ✔✔In 1960, the Soviet military used a guided missile to shoot down
an American U-2 spy plane over Soviet territory, revealing a formerly secret American
tactic of the Cold War. (p. 586)
✔✔Cuba, Fidel Castro - ✔✔A bearded socialist leader who overthrew a dictator in 1959
and established a Marxist socialist state in Cuba, only 90 miles from the United States.
He nationalized American-owned businesses and the U.S. cut off trade with the country.
(p. 587)
✔✔military-industrial complex - ✔✔In his farewell address, President Eisenhower
warned the nation to "guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence... by the
military-industrial complex". (p. 587)
✔✔Jackie Robinson - ✔✔The first African American player in major league baseball.
His actions helped to bring about other opportunities for African Americans. (p. 588)
✔✔causes of movement - ✔✔The origins of the 1950s civil rights movement was the
migration of African Americans to the North where they gained more political power. As
the United States battled the Soviets for the hearts and minds of people around the
world, it was clear that racial discrimination in the U.S. was a wrong that needed to be
corrected. (p. 588)
✔✔NAACP - ✔✔The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People tried
to protect the constitutional right of African Americans. (p. 588)
✔✔desegregation - ✔✔The action of incorporating a racial or religious group into a
community. (p. 588)
✔✔Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka - ✔✔In May 1954, the Supreme Court
agreed with Thurgood Marshal and ruled that "separate facilities are inherently unequal"
and unconstitutional, and that school segregation should end immediately. (p. 588)
✔✔Earl Warren - ✔✔Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, who presided over the Brown
v. Board of Education of Topeka case, which overturned Plessy v. Ferguson. (p. 588)
✔✔Southern Manifesto - ✔✔After the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Supreme
Court decision, 101 members of Congress signed this manifesto condemning the
Supreme Court for a "clear abuse of judicial power". (p. 588)
, ✔✔Little Rock Crisis - ✔✔In 1957, Governor Faubus used the Arkansas National Guard
to prevent nine black students from entering Little Rock Central High School. President
Eisenhower sent federal troops to ensure the black students could attend class. (p. 589)
✔✔Rosa Parks - ✔✔In 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, a middle aged black woman
refused to give up her seat on a bus, which led to her arrest for violating segregation
laws. This triggered an African American protest of boycotting the city buses. (p. 589)
✔✔Montgomery bus boycott - ✔✔Rosa Park sparked a massive Afican American
protest of the Montgomery, Alabama buses. (p. 589)
✔✔Martin Luther King Jr. - ✔✔The minister of a Baptist church in Montgomery,
Alabama, and a civil rights leader. (p. 589)
✔✔Civil Rights acts of 1957, 1960 - ✔✔The first civil rights laws since Reconstruction,
they formed the Civil Rights Commission and provided some protection for the voting
rights of blacks. (p. 590)
✔✔Civil Rights Commission - ✔✔Created by civil rights laws of 1957 and 1960. (p. 590)
✔✔Southern Christian Leadership Conference - ✔✔In 1957, Martin Luther King Jr.
organized ministers and churches to create this civil rights organization. (p. 590)
✔✔nonviolent protest - ✔✔To call attention to the injustice of segregated facilities
students would deliberately invite arrest by sitting in restricted areas. (p. 590)
✔✔sit-in movement - ✔✔In February 1960, African American college students in
Greensboro, North Carolina created this protest after they were refused service at a
segregated Woolworth's lunch counter. (p. 590)
✔✔Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee - ✔✔In 1960, an organization that
called attention to the sit-in movement. (p. 590)
✔✔immigration issues - ✔✔In the 1950s, Congress dropped the bans on Chinese and
other Asian immigrants and eliminated race as barrier to naturalization. (p. 590)
✔✔Operation Wetback - ✔✔In the early 1950s, this program forced an estimated 3.8
million people to return to Mexico. (p. 590)
✔✔homogeneity - ✔✔A description of American 1950s culture. (p. 590)
✔✔popular culture - ✔✔In the 1950s, white suburbanites conformed to societal norms.
(p. 590)
