BMS 300 Exam 4 [2026/2027] | UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Question and Answer | 100%
Verified Answers
• How does O2 enter the blood stream? -✓✓ It binds to Fe on Hemoglobin of
erythrocytes
• How do we carry CO2 to the lungs -✓✓ In the form of bicarbonate HCO3- which is
facilitated by carbonic anhydrase H2CO3
• Functions of Carbonic Anhydrase -✓✓ 1. Regulate pH with H+
2. Remove CO2
• Which 4 parts make up the conducting zone? -✓✓ 1. Larynx (Epithelial Cells)
2. Trachea (Epithelial Cells/ Hyaline Cartilage rings)
3. Bronchi (Epithelial Cells)
4. Bronchioles (smooth muscle wrapped single layer of Epithelial cells)
• Bronchiole lumen is called a... -✓✓ mucus membrane. Excess constriction and mucus
cause blockage
• Mast cell response in the lungs -✓✓ Antibodies detect allergens and release histamine
which bind to smooth muscle GCPR and cause contraction
• Poiselle's law -✓✓ Flow is proportional to r^4 so a little change increases gas transport
• Visceral and Parietal Pleura -✓✓ Made of mesothelial cells is filled with fluid to
lubricate the lungs and create negative pressure
• What makes up the Respiratory zone? -✓✓ 1. Alveoli
2. Type I Pneumocytes
3. Type II Pneumocytes
• Anatomy of the Thoracic Cavity -✓✓ 1. Pleural Sac (Parietal Pleura & Visceral Pleura)
2. Diaphragm
• Define: Alveolus -✓✓ single layer of epithelial cells
part of the exchange epithelium
• Gas Exchange -✓✓ O2--> air-->blood-->bind to hemoglobin
CO2-->blood-->air
, • Bicarbonate -✓✓ maintains blood pH
H2O + CO2 <--> HCO3- + H+
• Mast (ECL) Cell -✓✓ histamine releasing cell
• Epi pen -✓✓ releases Epinephrine
• What do inhalers contain? -✓✓ a B2 Agonist.
B2 receptors on Mast Cells cause smooth muscle relaxation
• What does the build up of fluid in the alveolus with minimal diffusion called? -✓✓
Pneumonia
• Type I Pneumocytes -✓✓ gas exchange
• Type II Pneumocytes -✓✓ surface tension
secrete surfactant made of Phosphotidyl Choline
hydrophilic and hydrophobic ends
• Boyle's Law -✓✓ P1V1 = P2V2
inside the lung
• What is special about the pressure in the pleural cavity? -✓✓ It's always negative.
If theres a hole in the sac, air comes in and lung collapses because its no longer
negative pressure.
• If the diaphragm flattens, what happens to the volume of the Thoracic Cavity? -✓✓
volume increases
• Phrenic Nerve -✓✓ A bundle of neurons in the spinal cord that innervates the
diaphragm
• Elastic Recoil -✓✓ the passive tendency of the lung to return to its original shape &
position.
• Compliance -✓✓ the ability of the lung to stretch
• Emphysema -✓✓ loss of elastic recoil
increase in compliance
(can breathe in, but not out)
ACTUAL Exam Question and Answer | 100%
Verified Answers
• How does O2 enter the blood stream? -✓✓ It binds to Fe on Hemoglobin of
erythrocytes
• How do we carry CO2 to the lungs -✓✓ In the form of bicarbonate HCO3- which is
facilitated by carbonic anhydrase H2CO3
• Functions of Carbonic Anhydrase -✓✓ 1. Regulate pH with H+
2. Remove CO2
• Which 4 parts make up the conducting zone? -✓✓ 1. Larynx (Epithelial Cells)
2. Trachea (Epithelial Cells/ Hyaline Cartilage rings)
3. Bronchi (Epithelial Cells)
4. Bronchioles (smooth muscle wrapped single layer of Epithelial cells)
• Bronchiole lumen is called a... -✓✓ mucus membrane. Excess constriction and mucus
cause blockage
• Mast cell response in the lungs -✓✓ Antibodies detect allergens and release histamine
which bind to smooth muscle GCPR and cause contraction
• Poiselle's law -✓✓ Flow is proportional to r^4 so a little change increases gas transport
• Visceral and Parietal Pleura -✓✓ Made of mesothelial cells is filled with fluid to
lubricate the lungs and create negative pressure
• What makes up the Respiratory zone? -✓✓ 1. Alveoli
2. Type I Pneumocytes
3. Type II Pneumocytes
• Anatomy of the Thoracic Cavity -✓✓ 1. Pleural Sac (Parietal Pleura & Visceral Pleura)
2. Diaphragm
• Define: Alveolus -✓✓ single layer of epithelial cells
part of the exchange epithelium
• Gas Exchange -✓✓ O2--> air-->blood-->bind to hemoglobin
CO2-->blood-->air
, • Bicarbonate -✓✓ maintains blood pH
H2O + CO2 <--> HCO3- + H+
• Mast (ECL) Cell -✓✓ histamine releasing cell
• Epi pen -✓✓ releases Epinephrine
• What do inhalers contain? -✓✓ a B2 Agonist.
B2 receptors on Mast Cells cause smooth muscle relaxation
• What does the build up of fluid in the alveolus with minimal diffusion called? -✓✓
Pneumonia
• Type I Pneumocytes -✓✓ gas exchange
• Type II Pneumocytes -✓✓ surface tension
secrete surfactant made of Phosphotidyl Choline
hydrophilic and hydrophobic ends
• Boyle's Law -✓✓ P1V1 = P2V2
inside the lung
• What is special about the pressure in the pleural cavity? -✓✓ It's always negative.
If theres a hole in the sac, air comes in and lung collapses because its no longer
negative pressure.
• If the diaphragm flattens, what happens to the volume of the Thoracic Cavity? -✓✓
volume increases
• Phrenic Nerve -✓✓ A bundle of neurons in the spinal cord that innervates the
diaphragm
• Elastic Recoil -✓✓ the passive tendency of the lung to return to its original shape &
position.
• Compliance -✓✓ the ability of the lung to stretch
• Emphysema -✓✓ loss of elastic recoil
increase in compliance
(can breathe in, but not out)
