Petrobowl Exam UPDATED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Name a source of vertical stress. - CORRECT ANSWER Overburden
Name a source of horizontal stress. - CORRECT ANSWER Poisson's Ratio Effect or Tectonic
Stresses
Name 3 of the 4 types of clastic fragments in limestone. - CORRECT ANSWER Oolites,
Intraclasts, Fossils, and Pellets
What type of sandstone is characterized by being impure or dirty? - CORRECT ANSWER
Graywacke
A sandstone containing highly viscous, asphalt-like hydrocarbon compounds is referred to as what? -
CORRECT ANSWER A tar Sand
A non-clastic limestone, characterized by loosely consolidated, earthy calcium carbonate and clay
containing deposits of shell. - CORRECT ANSWER A marl or marlstone
Volcanic tuff altered to montmorillonite is called what? - CORRECT ANSWER Bentonite
What are 3 of the different dolomitization models? - CORRECT ANSWER Evaporative,
Seepage Reflux, Mixing-Zone,Burial,Seawater
The process of breaking down chemical bonds in kerogen and clays within shale to generate liquid
hydrocarbons. - CORRECT ANSWER Catagenesis
Algal and amorphous kerogen highly likely to generate oil is what type? - CORRECT ANSWER
Type I
Mixed terrestrial and marine source material that can generate waxy oil is what type? - CORRECT
ANSWER Type II
,Woody terrestrial source material that typically generates gas is what type of kerogen? - CORRECT
ANSWER Type III
Kerogen containing mostly decomposed organic matter also known as charcoal is what type of
kerogen? - CORRECT ANSWER Type IV
Volcanic tuff altered to montmorillonite is called what? - CORRECT ANSWER Bentonite
What are 3 different dolomitization models? - CORRECT ANSWER Evaporative, Seepage,
Reflux, Mixing Zone, Burial, Seawater
Sandstone containing highly viscous, asphalt-like hydrocarbon compounds is referred to as what? -
CORRECT ANSWER Tar Sand
What was the first major contribution of geology to oil exploration? - CORRECT ANSWER
The Anticline Theory
A major oil discovery in what state confirmed the anticline theory? - CORRECT ANSWER
Oklahoma
In what year was a major oil discovery made that confirmed the anticline theory? - CORRECT
ANSWER 1913
A study by the US Bureau of Mines around 1917 concluded that this method would increase oil
recovery. - CORRECT ANSWER Natural Gas Injection
What group did a study that marked the first intuition into secondary recovery of oil? - CORRECT
ANSWER US Bureau of Mines
What theory did the Soviet school of geology supported claiming oil could be made without the help
of living organisms? - CORRECT ANSWER Abyssal Abiogenic (or Abiotic) Theory
, The Abyssal Abiogenic (or Abiotic) Theory led to discoveries of oil where? - CORRECT ANSWER
In Non-sedimentary, crystalline basement rock scores of hydrocarbon
In terms of oil formation, what is the oldest geological era? - CORRECT ANSWER Jurassic
What is the equation for the Traction Vector? - CORRECT ANSWER stress tensor times unit
normal vector
what gives the state of stress at any point? - CORRECT ANSWER Stress Tensor
Three mutually perpendicular normal stresses in a coordinate system where all shear stresses vanish
defines what? - CORRECT ANSWER The Principal Stress
What constant is used to directly relate strain and stress? - CORRECT ANSWER Young's
Modulus or Elastic Modulus or Tension Modulus
What is a mathematical description of continuous physical phenomenon in which a dependent
variable is a function of more than one independent variable? - CORRECT ANSWER Partial
Differential Equation
This numerical model requires only discretization of the boundary? - CORRECT ANSWER
Boundary Element Method
This numerical model has a solution procedure based on numerical approximation of the governing
equations. - CORRECT ANSWER Finite Difference Method
This numerical model has a solution procedure that exploits approximations to the connectivity of the
elements and to the continuity of stress and displacements between the elements - CORRECT
ANSWER Finite Element Method
Name two methods to obtain Ku+f=0 from an approximate solution. - CORRECT ANSWER
Galerkin, Variational Principles (Raleigh-Ritz)
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Name a source of vertical stress. - CORRECT ANSWER Overburden
Name a source of horizontal stress. - CORRECT ANSWER Poisson's Ratio Effect or Tectonic
Stresses
Name 3 of the 4 types of clastic fragments in limestone. - CORRECT ANSWER Oolites,
Intraclasts, Fossils, and Pellets
What type of sandstone is characterized by being impure or dirty? - CORRECT ANSWER
Graywacke
A sandstone containing highly viscous, asphalt-like hydrocarbon compounds is referred to as what? -
CORRECT ANSWER A tar Sand
A non-clastic limestone, characterized by loosely consolidated, earthy calcium carbonate and clay
containing deposits of shell. - CORRECT ANSWER A marl or marlstone
Volcanic tuff altered to montmorillonite is called what? - CORRECT ANSWER Bentonite
What are 3 of the different dolomitization models? - CORRECT ANSWER Evaporative,
Seepage Reflux, Mixing-Zone,Burial,Seawater
The process of breaking down chemical bonds in kerogen and clays within shale to generate liquid
hydrocarbons. - CORRECT ANSWER Catagenesis
Algal and amorphous kerogen highly likely to generate oil is what type? - CORRECT ANSWER
Type I
Mixed terrestrial and marine source material that can generate waxy oil is what type? - CORRECT
ANSWER Type II
,Woody terrestrial source material that typically generates gas is what type of kerogen? - CORRECT
ANSWER Type III
Kerogen containing mostly decomposed organic matter also known as charcoal is what type of
kerogen? - CORRECT ANSWER Type IV
Volcanic tuff altered to montmorillonite is called what? - CORRECT ANSWER Bentonite
What are 3 different dolomitization models? - CORRECT ANSWER Evaporative, Seepage,
Reflux, Mixing Zone, Burial, Seawater
Sandstone containing highly viscous, asphalt-like hydrocarbon compounds is referred to as what? -
CORRECT ANSWER Tar Sand
What was the first major contribution of geology to oil exploration? - CORRECT ANSWER
The Anticline Theory
A major oil discovery in what state confirmed the anticline theory? - CORRECT ANSWER
Oklahoma
In what year was a major oil discovery made that confirmed the anticline theory? - CORRECT
ANSWER 1913
A study by the US Bureau of Mines around 1917 concluded that this method would increase oil
recovery. - CORRECT ANSWER Natural Gas Injection
What group did a study that marked the first intuition into secondary recovery of oil? - CORRECT
ANSWER US Bureau of Mines
What theory did the Soviet school of geology supported claiming oil could be made without the help
of living organisms? - CORRECT ANSWER Abyssal Abiogenic (or Abiotic) Theory
, The Abyssal Abiogenic (or Abiotic) Theory led to discoveries of oil where? - CORRECT ANSWER
In Non-sedimentary, crystalline basement rock scores of hydrocarbon
In terms of oil formation, what is the oldest geological era? - CORRECT ANSWER Jurassic
What is the equation for the Traction Vector? - CORRECT ANSWER stress tensor times unit
normal vector
what gives the state of stress at any point? - CORRECT ANSWER Stress Tensor
Three mutually perpendicular normal stresses in a coordinate system where all shear stresses vanish
defines what? - CORRECT ANSWER The Principal Stress
What constant is used to directly relate strain and stress? - CORRECT ANSWER Young's
Modulus or Elastic Modulus or Tension Modulus
What is a mathematical description of continuous physical phenomenon in which a dependent
variable is a function of more than one independent variable? - CORRECT ANSWER Partial
Differential Equation
This numerical model requires only discretization of the boundary? - CORRECT ANSWER
Boundary Element Method
This numerical model has a solution procedure based on numerical approximation of the governing
equations. - CORRECT ANSWER Finite Difference Method
This numerical model has a solution procedure that exploits approximations to the connectivity of the
elements and to the continuity of stress and displacements between the elements - CORRECT
ANSWER Finite Element Method
Name two methods to obtain Ku+f=0 from an approximate solution. - CORRECT ANSWER
Galerkin, Variational Principles (Raleigh-Ritz)
