ADVANCED PATHO FINAL CH. 1-
14 WITH DETAILED QUESTIONS
AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
GRADED A+ 2026
1.A woman had a biopsy of a breast mass. Which of the following findings are
considered precancerous? - answer-Atypical hyperplasia
______ syndrome occurs when there is an extra X chromosome. - answer-Klinefelter
Children with PKU must avoid phenylalanine in the diet. Phenylalanine is most likely a
component of: - answer-protein.
1. A 20-year-old man just took a home human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody
test. He states That it was positive. What is the next step? - answer-A p24 antigen test
will be done.
1. The major disadvantage of passive immunization is that it: - answer-D) induces short-
term protection.
In addition to a positive antinuclear antibody test, which of the following diagnostic test
findings is consistent with diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematous? - answer-Positive
anti-double stranded DNA
A 5-year-old child is brought in by his parents who report that she has not been eating
well, and they think she is losing weight even though her belly looks bloated. They also
noticed that she is limping when she walks. Physical examination reveals a pale, quiet
girl. Small bruises are noted on her shins and upper arms. Her heart sounds and lung
sounds are normal. She has hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. The remainder of the
exam is normal. Which type of hematologic cancer should be suspected? - answer-
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
,Which of the following triggers can precipitate a sickle cell crisis? - answer-Fever,
dehydration, and stress
A 55-year-old woman has a hypochromic, microcytic anemia. The most likely cause is: -
answer-iron deficiency resulting from chronic gastrointestinal blood loss.
An infant is diagnosed with a small patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Which of the
following is accurate pertaining to this case? - answer-The infant has an opening
between the pulmonary artery and aorta.
A 19-year-old athlete went out for his first day of football practice. He experienced
sudden cardiac death. The cause of death was determined to be cardiomyopathy. It was
most likely __________ cardiomyopathy. - answer-hypertrophic
The most likely place for a thrombosis to form postoperatively is: - answer-The legs
Which of the following can be used to measure hypercapnia? - answer-End tidal carbon
dioxide detector
A mother brings her 5-year-old child in because the child snores and has difficulty
breathing when sleeping and seems to move around a lot when sleeping. Obstructive
sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is suspected. What is a likely physical exam finding to
support the most common cause of OSAS in children? - answer-Noted mouth breathing
and enlarged tonsils
The most common manifestations of acute epiglottitis in children is(are - answer-tripod
positioning, "hot potato" voice, and acutely high fever.
Which of the following would be appropriate treatment for a patient on a ventilator with
respiratory alkalosis, a low CO2, and normal sodium bicarbonate? - answer-Decrease
the respiratory rate on the ventilator
, Classify the following arterial blood gas: pH = 7.35, PaCO2 = 50 mm Hg, HCO3 = 29
mEq/L. - answer-Compensated respiratory acidosis
Causes of painless, asymptomatic hematuria include: - answer-urothelial cell
carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma
Which of the following diagnostic findings is present in pyelonephritis but not in acute
cystitis? - answer-White blood cell casts
A patient with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) has tall, peaked T waves on his
electrocardiogram (ECG). Which of the following is the best action? - answer-Check the
serum potassium level.
A father brought his son to the emergency room because he has a painful erection that
is not abating. His son has sickle cell anemia. He is diagnosed with priapism. How does
sickle cell lead to priapism? - answer-The sickled red blood cells get trapped in the
penis.
Erectile dysfunction can be an early warning sign of: - answer-cardiovascular disease
Human chorionic gonadotropin is generally detected in some pregnancy tests, and a
positive result reflects pregnancy. What is the purpose of this hormone during
pregnancy? - answer-It stimulates corpus luteum to produce estrogen and
progesterone.
A 3-week-old male infant is brought to the ER with projectile vomiting and irritability. The
mother said that he seems to be hungry a lot but vomits after, and it has gotten worse
over 2-3 days. She also notes he is constipated. The most likely diagnosis is: - answer-
pyloric stenosis.
Clinical manifestations of new onset, uncomplicated gastroesophageal reflux disease
include: - answer-heartburn and sour taste in mouth.
14 WITH DETAILED QUESTIONS
AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
GRADED A+ 2026
1.A woman had a biopsy of a breast mass. Which of the following findings are
considered precancerous? - answer-Atypical hyperplasia
______ syndrome occurs when there is an extra X chromosome. - answer-Klinefelter
Children with PKU must avoid phenylalanine in the diet. Phenylalanine is most likely a
component of: - answer-protein.
1. A 20-year-old man just took a home human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody
test. He states That it was positive. What is the next step? - answer-A p24 antigen test
will be done.
1. The major disadvantage of passive immunization is that it: - answer-D) induces short-
term protection.
In addition to a positive antinuclear antibody test, which of the following diagnostic test
findings is consistent with diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematous? - answer-Positive
anti-double stranded DNA
A 5-year-old child is brought in by his parents who report that she has not been eating
well, and they think she is losing weight even though her belly looks bloated. They also
noticed that she is limping when she walks. Physical examination reveals a pale, quiet
girl. Small bruises are noted on her shins and upper arms. Her heart sounds and lung
sounds are normal. She has hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. The remainder of the
exam is normal. Which type of hematologic cancer should be suspected? - answer-
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
,Which of the following triggers can precipitate a sickle cell crisis? - answer-Fever,
dehydration, and stress
A 55-year-old woman has a hypochromic, microcytic anemia. The most likely cause is: -
answer-iron deficiency resulting from chronic gastrointestinal blood loss.
An infant is diagnosed with a small patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Which of the
following is accurate pertaining to this case? - answer-The infant has an opening
between the pulmonary artery and aorta.
A 19-year-old athlete went out for his first day of football practice. He experienced
sudden cardiac death. The cause of death was determined to be cardiomyopathy. It was
most likely __________ cardiomyopathy. - answer-hypertrophic
The most likely place for a thrombosis to form postoperatively is: - answer-The legs
Which of the following can be used to measure hypercapnia? - answer-End tidal carbon
dioxide detector
A mother brings her 5-year-old child in because the child snores and has difficulty
breathing when sleeping and seems to move around a lot when sleeping. Obstructive
sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is suspected. What is a likely physical exam finding to
support the most common cause of OSAS in children? - answer-Noted mouth breathing
and enlarged tonsils
The most common manifestations of acute epiglottitis in children is(are - answer-tripod
positioning, "hot potato" voice, and acutely high fever.
Which of the following would be appropriate treatment for a patient on a ventilator with
respiratory alkalosis, a low CO2, and normal sodium bicarbonate? - answer-Decrease
the respiratory rate on the ventilator
, Classify the following arterial blood gas: pH = 7.35, PaCO2 = 50 mm Hg, HCO3 = 29
mEq/L. - answer-Compensated respiratory acidosis
Causes of painless, asymptomatic hematuria include: - answer-urothelial cell
carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma
Which of the following diagnostic findings is present in pyelonephritis but not in acute
cystitis? - answer-White blood cell casts
A patient with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) has tall, peaked T waves on his
electrocardiogram (ECG). Which of the following is the best action? - answer-Check the
serum potassium level.
A father brought his son to the emergency room because he has a painful erection that
is not abating. His son has sickle cell anemia. He is diagnosed with priapism. How does
sickle cell lead to priapism? - answer-The sickled red blood cells get trapped in the
penis.
Erectile dysfunction can be an early warning sign of: - answer-cardiovascular disease
Human chorionic gonadotropin is generally detected in some pregnancy tests, and a
positive result reflects pregnancy. What is the purpose of this hormone during
pregnancy? - answer-It stimulates corpus luteum to produce estrogen and
progesterone.
A 3-week-old male infant is brought to the ER with projectile vomiting and irritability. The
mother said that he seems to be hungry a lot but vomits after, and it has gotten worse
over 2-3 days. She also notes he is constipated. The most likely diagnosis is: - answer-
pyloric stenosis.
Clinical manifestations of new onset, uncomplicated gastroesophageal reflux disease
include: - answer-heartburn and sour taste in mouth.
