2
BSC 1005 Exam 2 with verified detailed || || || || || || ||
answers
Explain how a DNA sequence is converted into a phenotype within an
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
organism - ✔✔DNA sequences are arranged into genes. Genes express proteins,
|| || || || || || || || || ||
and that's what determines the phenotype.The process of going from DNA to
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
mRNA to proteins is called the central dogma. Here's how it works, basically, in
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
layman's terms: DNA is copied into mRNA by a process called transcription.
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
Describe how genotype and phenotype are related - ✔✔Genotype relates to the
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
alleles an organism has in their genes. Phenotype is a term relating to the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
expression of the gene itself || || || ||
dogs fur color. genotype or phenotype? - ✔✔phenotype
|| || || || || || ||
bb. genotype or phenotype? - ✔✔genotype
|| || || || ||
GMO - ✔✔Genetically modified organism made when DNA is removed from
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
one organism and placed within the DNA of what can be a very different
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
organism.
the method by which GMOs are created, and give examples. - ✔✔
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
costs and benefits of GMO technology - ✔✔
|| || || || || || ||
, 2
scientific findings about GMO technology (safe to eat?) - ✔✔The evidence
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
indicates that yes, GMOs present no more (and maybe even less) risks than
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
conventionally produced crops. In several dozens of observational studies, no || || || || || || || || || ||
health harm has been detected by GMO consumption.
|| || || || || || ||
Compare and contrast transgenic biotechnology with selective breeding. -
|| || || || || || || || ||
✔✔transgenic biotechnology is inserting cloned genes into an organism, it's the || || || || || || || || || ||
process of inserting the gene of one organism into another. Selective breeding is
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
a Procedure designed to modify traits in domesticated species, by breeding only
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
organisms with desirable traits. These processes both take place with the intent
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
of having a certain organism possess certain traits.
|| || || || || || ||
Explain the difficulty in determining whether a virus is alive - ✔✔A virus has
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
no cells and cannot reproduce on its own. A virus must infect a living cell and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
direct that cell's internal machinery to make more viruses.
|| || || || || || || ||
Describe the two basic life cycles viruses can either go through once bacteria is
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
infected - ✔✔The lytic cycle: Viral DNA replicates using cell's machinery.This
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
culminates in the death of the host cell. || || || || || || ||
The lysogenic cycle: Viral DNA is inserted in bacterial chromosome.Virus
|| || || || || || || || || ||
remains dormant for long periods. || || || ||
Why don't antibiotics work against viruses? - ✔✔Because antibiotics work by
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
attacking a bacteria's growth machinery. Because a virus does not have any of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
this machinery, and are thousands of times smaller than bacteria, there is no
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
target to attack. || ||
BSC 1005 Exam 2 with verified detailed || || || || || || ||
answers
Explain how a DNA sequence is converted into a phenotype within an
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
organism - ✔✔DNA sequences are arranged into genes. Genes express proteins,
|| || || || || || || || || ||
and that's what determines the phenotype.The process of going from DNA to
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
mRNA to proteins is called the central dogma. Here's how it works, basically, in
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
layman's terms: DNA is copied into mRNA by a process called transcription.
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
Describe how genotype and phenotype are related - ✔✔Genotype relates to the
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
alleles an organism has in their genes. Phenotype is a term relating to the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
expression of the gene itself || || || ||
dogs fur color. genotype or phenotype? - ✔✔phenotype
|| || || || || || ||
bb. genotype or phenotype? - ✔✔genotype
|| || || || ||
GMO - ✔✔Genetically modified organism made when DNA is removed from
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
one organism and placed within the DNA of what can be a very different
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
organism.
the method by which GMOs are created, and give examples. - ✔✔
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
costs and benefits of GMO technology - ✔✔
|| || || || || || ||
, 2
scientific findings about GMO technology (safe to eat?) - ✔✔The evidence
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
indicates that yes, GMOs present no more (and maybe even less) risks than
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
conventionally produced crops. In several dozens of observational studies, no || || || || || || || || || ||
health harm has been detected by GMO consumption.
|| || || || || || ||
Compare and contrast transgenic biotechnology with selective breeding. -
|| || || || || || || || ||
✔✔transgenic biotechnology is inserting cloned genes into an organism, it's the || || || || || || || || || ||
process of inserting the gene of one organism into another. Selective breeding is
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
a Procedure designed to modify traits in domesticated species, by breeding only
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
organisms with desirable traits. These processes both take place with the intent
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
of having a certain organism possess certain traits.
|| || || || || || ||
Explain the difficulty in determining whether a virus is alive - ✔✔A virus has
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
no cells and cannot reproduce on its own. A virus must infect a living cell and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
direct that cell's internal machinery to make more viruses.
|| || || || || || || ||
Describe the two basic life cycles viruses can either go through once bacteria is
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
infected - ✔✔The lytic cycle: Viral DNA replicates using cell's machinery.This
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
culminates in the death of the host cell. || || || || || || ||
The lysogenic cycle: Viral DNA is inserted in bacterial chromosome.Virus
|| || || || || || || || || ||
remains dormant for long periods. || || || ||
Why don't antibiotics work against viruses? - ✔✔Because antibiotics work by
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
attacking a bacteria's growth machinery. Because a virus does not have any of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
this machinery, and are thousands of times smaller than bacteria, there is no
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
target to attack. || ||
