A Concise Introduction to Logic, 12th Edition Test Bank 2026–2027 | All Chapters | Verified Answers | Patrick J. Hurley

A Concise Introduction to Logic, 12th Edition by Patrick J.
Hurley Test Bank 2026–2027 – All Chapters with Verified
Answers
All chapters covered

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, Test 1A l




Logic Name:
Chapter 1 Test A
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Each question is worth 2 points. Write your answer on the form provided. Erasure marks may cause
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the grading machine to mark your answer wrong.
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I. The following selections relate todistinguishing arguments from nonarguments and
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identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.
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1. There appears to be a growing happiness gap between men and women. Women today are
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working more and relaxing less, while men are working less and relaxing more. Forty years ago a
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typical woman spent 40 minutes more per week than the typical man performing an activity
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considered unpleasant. Today, with men working less, the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
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a. Argument; conclusion: Today … the gap is 90 minutes and growing. l l l l l l l l l l




b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Fortyyears ago … an activity considered unpleasant. l l l l l l l l l




d. Argument; conclusion: There appears to be … between men and women. l l l l l l l l l l




e. Argument; conclusion: Women today are working more and relaxing less. l l l l l l l l l




2. Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic mainly because it preferentially replaces other
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metals in biochemical reactions. In so doing it interferes with the proteins that regulate blood
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pressure (which can cause development delays in children and high blood pressure in adults),
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heme production (which can lead to anemia), and sperm production. Lead also displaces calcium
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in the reactions that transmit electrical impulses in the brain, which diminishes the ability to think
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and recall information.
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Anne Marie Helmstine, “Your Guide to Chemistry” l l l l l l




a. Argument; conclusion: It interferes with the proteins … and sperm production. l l l l l l l l l l




b. Argument; conclusion: Lead is toxic. l l l l




c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: It preferentially replaces other metals in biochemical reactions. l l l l l l l l l




e. Argument; conclusion: Lead also displaces calcium … recall information. l l l l l l l l




3. Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. He argued that it was virtuous to
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choose the proper amount of emotion and/or action called for in a particular situation and that
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extremes of emotion and action were vices. In all communities there are some men of practical
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wisdom who have the capacity to judge wisely. Aristotle argued that they have the capacity to
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follow the “right rule” whatever the situation.
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David Cooper, Value Pluralism and Ethical Choice l l l l l l




a. Argument; conclusion: In all communities … capacity to judge wisely. l l l l l l l l l




b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. l l l l l l l l l l




c. Argument; conclusion: They have the capacity to follow … the situation. l l l l l l l l l l




d. Argument; conclusion: He argued that it was virtuous … were vices l l l l l l l l l l




e. Nonargument.




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, Test 1Al




4. Illegal immigrants pay local sales taxes, and many of them also pay state, local, and federal
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income tax and Social Security tax. They also purchase items from local merchants, increasing
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the amount these merchants pay in taxes. In addition, they work for low salaries, which increases
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the earnings of their employers and the amount of taxes these employers pay. Thus, it is not
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correct to say that illegal immigrants contribute nothing to the communities in which they live.
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a. Argument; conclusion: It is not correct to say … communities in which they live. l l l l l l l l l l l l l




b. Argument; conclusion: They work for low salaries … these employers pay. l l l l l l l l l l




c. Argument; conclusion: Illegal immigrants pay … Social Security tax. l l l l l l l l




d. Argument; conclusion: They also purchase items … pay in taxes. l l l l l l l l l




e. Nonargument.

5. Numerous studies have indicated that women of color, black women in particular, are over-
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arrested, over-indicted, and over-sentenced. African-American women are seven times more
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likely to be arrested for prostitution than women of other ethnic groups. Black women have
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received significantly longer sentences for crimes against property and served longer periods in
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prison. For both murder and drug offenses, Euroamerican women ended up serving one-third
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less time for the same offenses than black women.
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Nancy Kurshan, “Women and Imprisonment in the U.S.” l l l l l l l




a. Argument; conclusion: African-American women … other ethnic groups. l l l l l l l




b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: For both murder and drug offenses … black women. l l l l l l l l l l




d. Argument; conclusion: Numerous studies haveindicated … over-sentenced. l l l l l l l




e. Argument; conclusion: Black women have received … longer periods in prison. l l l l l l l l l l




6. It’s even more important these days that your computer be protected by a firewall. There are
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criminal elements lurking in the shadows of cyberspace who send out probes to detect
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unprotected PCs. Oncea vulnerable computer is found, these criminals install software that
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assists them in committing identity theft and fencing stolen IDs. They also defraud online
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advertisers by using these zombie computers to visit pay-per-click ads.
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a. Argument; conclusion: There are criminal elements … to detect unprotected PCs. l l l l l l l l l l




b. Argument; conclusion: Once a vulnerable computer … fencing stolen IDs. l l l l l l l l l




c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: They also defraud … to visit pay-per-click ads. l l l l l l l l l




e. Argument; conclusion: It’s even more important … protected by a firewall. l l l l l l l l l l




7. The earth is of interest to astronomy for many reasons. Nearly all observations must be made
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through the atmosphere, and the phenomena of the upper atmosphere and the magnetosphere
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reflect the state of interplanetary space. The earth is also the most important object of comparison
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for planetologists.
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Hannu Karttunen, et al., Fundamental Astronomy l l l l l




a. Argument; conclusion: The phenomena … state of interplanetary space. l l l l l l l l




b. Argument; conclusion: The earth is also … for planetologists. l l l l l l l l




c. Argument; conclusion: The earth is of interest to astronomy. l l l l l l l l




d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Nearly all observations … through the atmosphere. l l l l l l l l




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