EDUC 181 STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027 QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Nodes of Ranvier - ✔✔gaps in sheath where signal is recharged and keeps moving
✔✔Is physical growth typically faster during early childhood or middle childhood? -
✔✔Early childhood
✔✔Executive functions - ✔✔Cognitive processes which are necessary for the cognitive
control of behavior: plan, focus, remember, multitask, etc
✔✔Two most common learning disabilities - ✔✔Dyslexia and Dyscalculia
✔✔ADHD and its characteristics - ✔✔Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder,
inattentive, hyper, easily distracted
✔✔How is BMI used to determine when a child is considered obese or overweight? -
✔✔Compares height and weight for age range with healthy average
✔✔Does the government regulate what children eat in schools? - ✔✔Somewhat; see
below
✔✔NSLP - ✔✔National School Lunch Program; sets regulations for school lunches
nationwide, which are enforced at a state level
✔✔Nutritional requirements for schools participating in the NSLP? - ✔✔No more than
30% of meal calories can come from fat
Less than 10% of meal calories can come from saturated fat
Meal must provide at least 1/3 of the recommended daily dietary allowances: vitamins A
+ C, Iron, Calcium, Calories
✔✔ What are the 3 areas of development? - ✔✔Physical, intellectual, emotional
✔✔Do these areas relate to one another? - ✔✔Yes; a person born with addiction
(physical) will have restricted brain development + function (intellectual) which may
cause them to feel scared, powerless, or lack of attachment (emotional)
✔✔What are developmental milestones? - ✔✔Specific behaviors and skills that can be
expected at certain point in development. Although individuals develop differently,
missing milestones can indicate a problem in development
✔✔Why is it important that parents pay attention to important motor milestones
achieved by their child? - ✔✔To ensure the child's development is progressing in a
healthy manner; missed motor milestones could indicate a developmental issue
, ✔✔Family Form - ✔✔Who is in your family (nuclear, single parent, extended, childless,
step family, grandparents...)
✔✔Family Function - ✔✔How your family operates
✔✔What is the field of Human Development and Family Studies (HDFS)? - ✔✔Working
with individuals and families with one or more of the following: Psychology, education,
sociology, early intervention, school-based problems, health related problems, therapy,
case management
✔✔Average life expectancy - ✔✔78.7 years
✔✔Qualitative Data - ✔✔participants' viewpoint via questionnaires/interviews, no
statistical analysis used, subjectivity unavoidable
✔✔Quantitative Data - ✔✔numerical data, statistical analysis
✔✔Experimental study design - ✔✔How a study is conducted and how participants are
sorted into groups
✔✔Non-Empirical Research - ✔✔personal reflection, anecdotes, positions, experiences
✔✔Empirical Research - ✔✔systematic observations to test hypotheses
✔✔Data - ✔✔Facts / stats collected for reference or statistical analysis
✔✔Sampling technique - ✔✔The way in which a researcher chooses/recruits
participants for a study
✔✔Probability Sampling - ✔✔gives everyone an equal chance to participate and equally
represents everyone of a population/group
✔✔Nonprobability Sampling - ✔✔people whom are easily and readily available are
chosen to be in a study, not necessarily representative an entire population/group
✔✔Generalizability - ✔✔Results are representative and applicable to the population
being studied
✔✔Impact of researcher's sampling technique on the generalizability of their study? -
✔✔If a researcher uses nonprobability, it is more likely that their results will not be
representative or accurate of the population studied.
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Nodes of Ranvier - ✔✔gaps in sheath where signal is recharged and keeps moving
✔✔Is physical growth typically faster during early childhood or middle childhood? -
✔✔Early childhood
✔✔Executive functions - ✔✔Cognitive processes which are necessary for the cognitive
control of behavior: plan, focus, remember, multitask, etc
✔✔Two most common learning disabilities - ✔✔Dyslexia and Dyscalculia
✔✔ADHD and its characteristics - ✔✔Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder,
inattentive, hyper, easily distracted
✔✔How is BMI used to determine when a child is considered obese or overweight? -
✔✔Compares height and weight for age range with healthy average
✔✔Does the government regulate what children eat in schools? - ✔✔Somewhat; see
below
✔✔NSLP - ✔✔National School Lunch Program; sets regulations for school lunches
nationwide, which are enforced at a state level
✔✔Nutritional requirements for schools participating in the NSLP? - ✔✔No more than
30% of meal calories can come from fat
Less than 10% of meal calories can come from saturated fat
Meal must provide at least 1/3 of the recommended daily dietary allowances: vitamins A
+ C, Iron, Calcium, Calories
✔✔ What are the 3 areas of development? - ✔✔Physical, intellectual, emotional
✔✔Do these areas relate to one another? - ✔✔Yes; a person born with addiction
(physical) will have restricted brain development + function (intellectual) which may
cause them to feel scared, powerless, or lack of attachment (emotional)
✔✔What are developmental milestones? - ✔✔Specific behaviors and skills that can be
expected at certain point in development. Although individuals develop differently,
missing milestones can indicate a problem in development
✔✔Why is it important that parents pay attention to important motor milestones
achieved by their child? - ✔✔To ensure the child's development is progressing in a
healthy manner; missed motor milestones could indicate a developmental issue
, ✔✔Family Form - ✔✔Who is in your family (nuclear, single parent, extended, childless,
step family, grandparents...)
✔✔Family Function - ✔✔How your family operates
✔✔What is the field of Human Development and Family Studies (HDFS)? - ✔✔Working
with individuals and families with one or more of the following: Psychology, education,
sociology, early intervention, school-based problems, health related problems, therapy,
case management
✔✔Average life expectancy - ✔✔78.7 years
✔✔Qualitative Data - ✔✔participants' viewpoint via questionnaires/interviews, no
statistical analysis used, subjectivity unavoidable
✔✔Quantitative Data - ✔✔numerical data, statistical analysis
✔✔Experimental study design - ✔✔How a study is conducted and how participants are
sorted into groups
✔✔Non-Empirical Research - ✔✔personal reflection, anecdotes, positions, experiences
✔✔Empirical Research - ✔✔systematic observations to test hypotheses
✔✔Data - ✔✔Facts / stats collected for reference or statistical analysis
✔✔Sampling technique - ✔✔The way in which a researcher chooses/recruits
participants for a study
✔✔Probability Sampling - ✔✔gives everyone an equal chance to participate and equally
represents everyone of a population/group
✔✔Nonprobability Sampling - ✔✔people whom are easily and readily available are
chosen to be in a study, not necessarily representative an entire population/group
✔✔Generalizability - ✔✔Results are representative and applicable to the population
being studied
✔✔Impact of researcher's sampling technique on the generalizability of their study? -
✔✔If a researcher uses nonprobability, it is more likely that their results will not be
representative or accurate of the population studied.
