Oncology from MCQs Exam with all Correct & 100%
Verified Answers |Actual Complete Exam |Already
Graded A+
Name two common cancers that can cause hypercalcemia ✔Correct Answer-Breast cancer
MM
Lymphoma
Squamous cell cancers
Name a mechanism by which malignancies can cause hypercalcemia ✔Correct Answer-
Osteolytic metastases with local release of cytokines.
Tumor secretion of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP).
Tumor production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.
What's the symptoms of mild-mod hypercalcemia due to malignancy? How about at more
severe hypercalcemia? ✔Correct Answer-Moderately elevated calcium (12 to 14 mg/dL) may
have symptoms of polyuria, polydipsia, anorexia, nausea, and constipation. As the calcium
concentration increases, symptoms can become more severe and include weakness, difficulty
concentrating, confusion, stupor, and coma.
What are the electrolyte findings in tumour lysis syndrome? ✔Correct Answer-High
phosphate
Low calcium
High potassium
(Hint: similar to CKD)
Which class of chemotherapeutic agents is most likely to cause tissue damage if it extravates?
✔Correct Answer-Anthracyclines
What's the difference between irritant and vesicant chemotherapies? ✔Correct Answer-An
irritant = inflammatory reaction, with aching, burning, tightness, pain, phlebitis at needle
insertion site or along vein. Symptoms are usually of short duration, and there is no long-lasting
sequelae.
A vesicant = potential to cause tissue necrosis with a more severe and/or lasting injury.
What's the most important thing to prevent extravasation injury from chemotherapy?
✔Correct Answer-Proper infusion technique
AL amyloidosis arises from what? ✔Correct Answer-AL, aka 'primary systemic amyloidosis',
arises from clonal B cell disorder (usually myeloma, also Waldenstrom's macroglobulineia, NHL)
which pumps out monoclonal immunoglobulin
, Familial amlyoidosis, 'AF', is caused by what? ✔Correct Answer-Most commonly due to
transthyretin (transport protein for thyroid hormone) and retinol binding protein
Secondary amyloidosis, 'AA', is caused by what? ✔Correct Answer-Amyloid protein arises
from acute phase reactant 'serum amyloid A protein', occurs in setting of inflammatory or
infectious diseases, and can complicate chronic or recurring inflammation eg. RA, IBD, chronic
infections
Beta-2-microglobulin amyloidosis, 'Abeta2M', is seen in what context? ✔Correct Answer-Most
commonly seen in ESRD on HDx - is becoming less and less common though with advent of high
flux dialysis
Beta amyloidosis, 'A-beta', is seen in what context? ✔Correct Answer-Most common form of
localised amyloidosis, found in Alzheimer's brains
Macroglossia is characteristic of what type of amyloid? ✔Correct Answer-AL - primary
amyloidosis arising from a clonal B cell disorder, usually MM
Name two clinically important sites of amyloid deposition ✔Correct Answer-Renal disease:
proteinuria, asymptomatic or nephritic syndrome
Cardiomyopathy: HF, infarction, arrhythmia
GI disease: hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, bleeding, gastroparesis, constipation, bacterial
overgrowth
Where do you get tissue biopsy specimen for suspected amyloid? ✔Correct Answer-Subcut
fat will be positive in >80% amyloidosis
Also can biopsy rectal mucosa, kidney or liver
What do you see under the microscopy in amyloid? ✔Correct Answer-Classically see apple-
green birefringence by polarised light microscopy with Congo red dye. Can then determine
origin of amyloid with amino-acid sequencing or mass spectrometry
Which protein is universally present in amyloid deposits? ✔Correct Answer-Serum amyloid P
(SAP)
What happens in a phase 1 clinical trial? ✔Correct Answer-Looks at different dose affects of a
drugs, and side effects
What happens in a phase 2 clinical trial? ✔Correct Answer-Larger than a phase 1 trial, and
may begin comparing the new drug to one already in use, or to placebo
Verified Answers |Actual Complete Exam |Already
Graded A+
Name two common cancers that can cause hypercalcemia ✔Correct Answer-Breast cancer
MM
Lymphoma
Squamous cell cancers
Name a mechanism by which malignancies can cause hypercalcemia ✔Correct Answer-
Osteolytic metastases with local release of cytokines.
Tumor secretion of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP).
Tumor production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.
What's the symptoms of mild-mod hypercalcemia due to malignancy? How about at more
severe hypercalcemia? ✔Correct Answer-Moderately elevated calcium (12 to 14 mg/dL) may
have symptoms of polyuria, polydipsia, anorexia, nausea, and constipation. As the calcium
concentration increases, symptoms can become more severe and include weakness, difficulty
concentrating, confusion, stupor, and coma.
What are the electrolyte findings in tumour lysis syndrome? ✔Correct Answer-High
phosphate
Low calcium
High potassium
(Hint: similar to CKD)
Which class of chemotherapeutic agents is most likely to cause tissue damage if it extravates?
✔Correct Answer-Anthracyclines
What's the difference between irritant and vesicant chemotherapies? ✔Correct Answer-An
irritant = inflammatory reaction, with aching, burning, tightness, pain, phlebitis at needle
insertion site or along vein. Symptoms are usually of short duration, and there is no long-lasting
sequelae.
A vesicant = potential to cause tissue necrosis with a more severe and/or lasting injury.
What's the most important thing to prevent extravasation injury from chemotherapy?
✔Correct Answer-Proper infusion technique
AL amyloidosis arises from what? ✔Correct Answer-AL, aka 'primary systemic amyloidosis',
arises from clonal B cell disorder (usually myeloma, also Waldenstrom's macroglobulineia, NHL)
which pumps out monoclonal immunoglobulin
, Familial amlyoidosis, 'AF', is caused by what? ✔Correct Answer-Most commonly due to
transthyretin (transport protein for thyroid hormone) and retinol binding protein
Secondary amyloidosis, 'AA', is caused by what? ✔Correct Answer-Amyloid protein arises
from acute phase reactant 'serum amyloid A protein', occurs in setting of inflammatory or
infectious diseases, and can complicate chronic or recurring inflammation eg. RA, IBD, chronic
infections
Beta-2-microglobulin amyloidosis, 'Abeta2M', is seen in what context? ✔Correct Answer-Most
commonly seen in ESRD on HDx - is becoming less and less common though with advent of high
flux dialysis
Beta amyloidosis, 'A-beta', is seen in what context? ✔Correct Answer-Most common form of
localised amyloidosis, found in Alzheimer's brains
Macroglossia is characteristic of what type of amyloid? ✔Correct Answer-AL - primary
amyloidosis arising from a clonal B cell disorder, usually MM
Name two clinically important sites of amyloid deposition ✔Correct Answer-Renal disease:
proteinuria, asymptomatic or nephritic syndrome
Cardiomyopathy: HF, infarction, arrhythmia
GI disease: hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, bleeding, gastroparesis, constipation, bacterial
overgrowth
Where do you get tissue biopsy specimen for suspected amyloid? ✔Correct Answer-Subcut
fat will be positive in >80% amyloidosis
Also can biopsy rectal mucosa, kidney or liver
What do you see under the microscopy in amyloid? ✔Correct Answer-Classically see apple-
green birefringence by polarised light microscopy with Congo red dye. Can then determine
origin of amyloid with amino-acid sequencing or mass spectrometry
Which protein is universally present in amyloid deposits? ✔Correct Answer-Serum amyloid P
(SAP)
What happens in a phase 1 clinical trial? ✔Correct Answer-Looks at different dose affects of a
drugs, and side effects
What happens in a phase 2 clinical trial? ✔Correct Answer-Larger than a phase 1 trial, and
may begin comparing the new drug to one already in use, or to placebo
