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Advanced LSAT Practice
Examination v2.0: Intensive Drills
in Formal Logic, Causal
Reasoning, and Complex
Analytical Setups for the
Discerning Candidate a well
detailed practice exam
2025/2026 graded A+ well
written !!!
Section I: Logical Reasoning (Questions 1-75)
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1. Anthropologist: The discovery of ancient pottery in the region indicates that the inhabitants
were not nomadic. Nomads do not carry heavy, fragile pottery with them. Since the pottery was
found in large quantities, the people must have been settled farmers.
The argument depends on which of the following assumptions?
A) The pottery was used for storing agricultural produce.
B) The inhabitants were the only people in the region.
C) The pottery was not brought to the site by later peoples.
D) Settled farmers are the only people who use large quantities of pottery.
E) The climate of the region is suitable for farming.
- detailed answer 100% correct :-C
Rationale: The argument assumes that the pottery belongs to the inhabitants of that time and
place. If the pottery was brought later (e.g., by a different group), the conclusion collapses. The
argument establishes a necessary condition (settled people use pottery) but must assume that
the pottery is actually attributable to the people in question.
2. Politician: We cannot trust the media's reporting on the economy. The media is owned by
large corporations that benefit from a pessimistic narrative. Therefore, the economic reports
are biased.
The flaw in this argument is:
A) Ad hominem attack on the media.
B) Confusing the motives of the source with the truth of the claim.
C) Equivocation on the term "economy."
D) Hasty generalization about the media.
E) Circular reasoning.
- detailed answer 100% correct :-B
Rationale: The politician attacks the motivations of the media (owned by corporations) to
discredit their reporting. This is the genetic fallacy: arguing that the origin or motive of a claim
makes it false.
3. Biologist: All mammals are warm-blooded. No reptiles are warm-blooded. Therefore, no
reptiles are mammals.
This argument is:
A) Valid.
B) Invalid because the conclusion is a negative.
C) Invalid because it has an undistributed middle.
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D) Invalid because it denies the antecedent.
E) Valid only if all warm-blooded animals are mammals.
- detailed answer 100% correct :-A
Rationale: This is a valid categorical syllogism. If all mammals are in the set of warm-blooded
creatures, and no reptiles are in that set, then reptiles and mammals cannot overlap.
4. Economist: Raising the minimum wage will help the working poor. However, it will also lead
to higher prices for consumers. Therefore, we should not raise the minimum wage.
The argument commits which fallacy?
A) False dilemma.
B) Slippery slope.
C) Straw man.
D) Red herring.
E) Appeal to consequences.
- detailed answer 100% correct :-E
Rationale: The argument argues against the policy based on its negative consequences (higher
prices), rather than addressing its merits. This is an appeal to the consequences of a policy.
5. Lawyer: My client cannot be convicted of theft. He was not in the city when the crime
occurred. He has witnesses who place him in another city at the time of the theft.
The lawyer's argument is based on:
A) An alibi.
B) A character defense.
C) A procedural motion.
D) A plea bargain.
E) A counter-argument.
- detailed answer 100% correct :-A
Rationale: The lawyer is providing an alibi (evidence that the client was elsewhere when the
crime was committed), which is a direct refutation of the accusation.
6. If the sun is shining, the beach will be crowded. The beach is crowded. Therefore, the sun is
shining.
This is an example of:
A) Modus Ponens.
B) Modus Tollens.
C) Affirming the Consequent.
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D) Denying the Antecedent.
E) Hypothetical Syllogism.
- detailed answer 100% correct :-C
Rationale: The logical structure is: If P then Q. Q. Therefore, P. This is the fallacy of Affirming the
Consequent.
7. Historian: The printing press was the most important invention of the millennium. It allowed
for the widespread dissemination of knowledge, which led to the Renaissance, the Reformation,
and the Scientific Revolution.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the historian's argument?
A) The printing press was invented in China before it was invented in Europe.
B) The Renaissance began in Italy before the printing press was invented there.
C) The Reformation spread more rapidly in areas with printing presses.
D) The Scientific Revolution was also influenced by Islamic scholarship.
E) The printing press was used primarily for religious texts.
- detailed answer 100% correct :-C
Rationale: To strengthen the claim that the printing press was the "most important" and led to
these movements, showing a direct correlation (C) between the press and the spread of the
Reformation provides strong supporting evidence.
8. Some politicians are honest. All honest people are trustworthy. Therefore, some politicians
are trustworthy.
This argument is:
A) Valid.
B) Invalid.
C) Sound.
D) Unsound.
E) A false dilemma.
- detailed answer 100% correct :-A
Rationale: Structure: Some P are H. All H are T. Therefore, Some P are T. This is a valid
categorical syllogism.
9. Art critic: The new museum is ugly. It looks like a giant concrete box.
The critic's argument is an example of:
A) An aesthetic judgment.
B) A logical fallacy.
Advanced LSAT Practice
Examination v2.0: Intensive Drills
in Formal Logic, Causal
Reasoning, and Complex
Analytical Setups for the
Discerning Candidate a well
detailed practice exam
2025/2026 graded A+ well
written !!!
Section I: Logical Reasoning (Questions 1-75)
, 2
1. Anthropologist: The discovery of ancient pottery in the region indicates that the inhabitants
were not nomadic. Nomads do not carry heavy, fragile pottery with them. Since the pottery was
found in large quantities, the people must have been settled farmers.
The argument depends on which of the following assumptions?
A) The pottery was used for storing agricultural produce.
B) The inhabitants were the only people in the region.
C) The pottery was not brought to the site by later peoples.
D) Settled farmers are the only people who use large quantities of pottery.
E) The climate of the region is suitable for farming.
- detailed answer 100% correct :-C
Rationale: The argument assumes that the pottery belongs to the inhabitants of that time and
place. If the pottery was brought later (e.g., by a different group), the conclusion collapses. The
argument establishes a necessary condition (settled people use pottery) but must assume that
the pottery is actually attributable to the people in question.
2. Politician: We cannot trust the media's reporting on the economy. The media is owned by
large corporations that benefit from a pessimistic narrative. Therefore, the economic reports
are biased.
The flaw in this argument is:
A) Ad hominem attack on the media.
B) Confusing the motives of the source with the truth of the claim.
C) Equivocation on the term "economy."
D) Hasty generalization about the media.
E) Circular reasoning.
- detailed answer 100% correct :-B
Rationale: The politician attacks the motivations of the media (owned by corporations) to
discredit their reporting. This is the genetic fallacy: arguing that the origin or motive of a claim
makes it false.
3. Biologist: All mammals are warm-blooded. No reptiles are warm-blooded. Therefore, no
reptiles are mammals.
This argument is:
A) Valid.
B) Invalid because the conclusion is a negative.
C) Invalid because it has an undistributed middle.
, 3
D) Invalid because it denies the antecedent.
E) Valid only if all warm-blooded animals are mammals.
- detailed answer 100% correct :-A
Rationale: This is a valid categorical syllogism. If all mammals are in the set of warm-blooded
creatures, and no reptiles are in that set, then reptiles and mammals cannot overlap.
4. Economist: Raising the minimum wage will help the working poor. However, it will also lead
to higher prices for consumers. Therefore, we should not raise the minimum wage.
The argument commits which fallacy?
A) False dilemma.
B) Slippery slope.
C) Straw man.
D) Red herring.
E) Appeal to consequences.
- detailed answer 100% correct :-E
Rationale: The argument argues against the policy based on its negative consequences (higher
prices), rather than addressing its merits. This is an appeal to the consequences of a policy.
5. Lawyer: My client cannot be convicted of theft. He was not in the city when the crime
occurred. He has witnesses who place him in another city at the time of the theft.
The lawyer's argument is based on:
A) An alibi.
B) A character defense.
C) A procedural motion.
D) A plea bargain.
E) A counter-argument.
- detailed answer 100% correct :-A
Rationale: The lawyer is providing an alibi (evidence that the client was elsewhere when the
crime was committed), which is a direct refutation of the accusation.
6. If the sun is shining, the beach will be crowded. The beach is crowded. Therefore, the sun is
shining.
This is an example of:
A) Modus Ponens.
B) Modus Tollens.
C) Affirming the Consequent.
, 4
D) Denying the Antecedent.
E) Hypothetical Syllogism.
- detailed answer 100% correct :-C
Rationale: The logical structure is: If P then Q. Q. Therefore, P. This is the fallacy of Affirming the
Consequent.
7. Historian: The printing press was the most important invention of the millennium. It allowed
for the widespread dissemination of knowledge, which led to the Renaissance, the Reformation,
and the Scientific Revolution.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the historian's argument?
A) The printing press was invented in China before it was invented in Europe.
B) The Renaissance began in Italy before the printing press was invented there.
C) The Reformation spread more rapidly in areas with printing presses.
D) The Scientific Revolution was also influenced by Islamic scholarship.
E) The printing press was used primarily for religious texts.
- detailed answer 100% correct :-C
Rationale: To strengthen the claim that the printing press was the "most important" and led to
these movements, showing a direct correlation (C) between the press and the spread of the
Reformation provides strong supporting evidence.
8. Some politicians are honest. All honest people are trustworthy. Therefore, some politicians
are trustworthy.
This argument is:
A) Valid.
B) Invalid.
C) Sound.
D) Unsound.
E) A false dilemma.
- detailed answer 100% correct :-A
Rationale: Structure: Some P are H. All H are T. Therefore, Some P are T. This is a valid
categorical syllogism.
9. Art critic: The new museum is ugly. It looks like a giant concrete box.
The critic's argument is an example of:
A) An aesthetic judgment.
B) A logical fallacy.
