PORTAGE BIOD 152 MODULE 7 PROBLEM SET QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 2026-2027 | COMPLETE ST… EXAM
P R O F E S S I O N A L P R A C T I C E M AT E R I A L S
Portage BIOD 152 Module 7
Problem Set Questions & Answers
2026-2027 | Complete Study Guide
| Verified Solutions (Rationales)
Verified Answers Exam Ready With Rationales
90 QUESTIONS
DOCUMENT OVERVIEW
This document contains 90 verified questions with correct answers and detailed rationales focused on the
urinary system. It serves as a comprehensive study guide, providing in-depth explanations for each answer,
along with diagrams and images to enhance understanding. Ideal for exam preparation, course review, and
certification study, it ensures a thorough grasp of key concepts in this subject area.
CONTENTS
01 Urinary System Anatomy Q1–Q10
02 Kidney Structure and Function Q11–Q20
03 Nephron Structure Q21–Q30
04 Urine Formation and Regulation Q31–Q40
05 Glomerular Filtration Q41–Q50
06 Renal Blood Flow Regulation Q51–Q60
07 Hormonal Control and Reabsorption Q61–Q70
08 Acid-Base Balance Q71–Q90
Page 1
, E XA M Q U EST I O N S
Q1 QUESTION 1 OF 90
The urinary system has ____ kidneys, _____ ureters, and _____ bladder.
CORRECT ANSWER
2; 2; 1
RATIONALE
The urinary system is structured with two kidneys that filter blood, two ureters that transport urine to the bladder, and a single bladder that
stores urine until excretion. This anatomical arrangement is critical for maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance in the body.
Q2 QUESTION 2 OF 90
Describe the shape, weight and location of the adult kidney.
CORRECT ANSWER
An adult kidney is bean-shaped, about the size of a can of soup and weighs about 5 ounces. The right kidney lies slightly lower than the
left because of the liver's location just above it. Both kidneys are mostly protected by the rib cage because of their location between the
T-12 and L-3 vertebra.
RATIONALE
Kidneys are bean-shaped organs that average around 5 ounces in weight, located retroperitoneally between the T-12 and L-3 vertebrae, with
the right kidney positioned lower due to the liver's presence. Their anatomical placement and shape are significant for understanding renal
function and protection mechanisms within the rib cage.
Q3 QUESTION 3 OF 90
The ____glands are located on top of each kidney.
CORRECT ANSWER
Adrenal glands
RATIONALE
Adrenal glands, also known as suprarenal glands, are endocrine structures that produce hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline, regulating
metabolism and stress responses. Their anatomical position atop each kidney is critical for maintaining homeostasis and responding to
physiological demands.
Q4 QUESTION 4 OF 90
Page 2
, Describe the three layers of protective tissue that surround the kidney.
CORRECT ANSWER
The kidney surface is protected by three layers of specialized tissue. The renal capsule is a tough fibrous outer skin of the kidney which
protects it from injury and infection. Outside of the renal capsule is a fatty layer that protects the kidney from trauma called the adipose
capsule. The outer renal fascia is dense fibrous connective tissue which keeps the kidney in place inside the abdominal cavity.
RATIONALE
The renal capsule provides a tough, protective barrier against mechanical injury and infection, while the adipose capsule offers cushioning
from trauma, and the renal fascia anchors the kidney in its anatomical position, collectively maintaining renal integrity and function.
Understanding these protective layers emphasizes the kidney's vulnerability and the need for structural support within the abdominal cavity.
Q5 QUESTION 5 OF 90
A vertical cross section shows what three regions inside the kidney?
CORRECT ANSWER
The cortex, the medulla, and the pelvis.
RATIONALE
The kidney's anatomy is organized into three distinct regions: the cortex, which contains glomeruli and nephron structures; the medulla,
composed of renal pyramids that facilitate urine concentration; and the pelvis, serving as the funnel for urine drainage into the ureter.
Recognizing these regions is fundamental for understanding kidney function and pathology.
Q6 QUESTION 6 OF 90
The _____ is a continuous outer region with several cortical columns
CORRECT ANSWER
Renal cortex
RATIONALE
The renal cortex houses multiple nephron units, organized into cortical columns, and plays a crucial role in filtration and urine formation. Its
continuous outer region is for maintaining kidney function and homeostasis.
Q7 QUESTION 7 OF 90
The renal medulla is divided into sections called _____.
CORRECT ANSWER
Pyramids
Page 3
P R O F E S S I O N A L P R A C T I C E M AT E R I A L S
Portage BIOD 152 Module 7
Problem Set Questions & Answers
2026-2027 | Complete Study Guide
| Verified Solutions (Rationales)
Verified Answers Exam Ready With Rationales
90 QUESTIONS
DOCUMENT OVERVIEW
This document contains 90 verified questions with correct answers and detailed rationales focused on the
urinary system. It serves as a comprehensive study guide, providing in-depth explanations for each answer,
along with diagrams and images to enhance understanding. Ideal for exam preparation, course review, and
certification study, it ensures a thorough grasp of key concepts in this subject area.
CONTENTS
01 Urinary System Anatomy Q1–Q10
02 Kidney Structure and Function Q11–Q20
03 Nephron Structure Q21–Q30
04 Urine Formation and Regulation Q31–Q40
05 Glomerular Filtration Q41–Q50
06 Renal Blood Flow Regulation Q51–Q60
07 Hormonal Control and Reabsorption Q61–Q70
08 Acid-Base Balance Q71–Q90
Page 1
, E XA M Q U EST I O N S
Q1 QUESTION 1 OF 90
The urinary system has ____ kidneys, _____ ureters, and _____ bladder.
CORRECT ANSWER
2; 2; 1
RATIONALE
The urinary system is structured with two kidneys that filter blood, two ureters that transport urine to the bladder, and a single bladder that
stores urine until excretion. This anatomical arrangement is critical for maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance in the body.
Q2 QUESTION 2 OF 90
Describe the shape, weight and location of the adult kidney.
CORRECT ANSWER
An adult kidney is bean-shaped, about the size of a can of soup and weighs about 5 ounces. The right kidney lies slightly lower than the
left because of the liver's location just above it. Both kidneys are mostly protected by the rib cage because of their location between the
T-12 and L-3 vertebra.
RATIONALE
Kidneys are bean-shaped organs that average around 5 ounces in weight, located retroperitoneally between the T-12 and L-3 vertebrae, with
the right kidney positioned lower due to the liver's presence. Their anatomical placement and shape are significant for understanding renal
function and protection mechanisms within the rib cage.
Q3 QUESTION 3 OF 90
The ____glands are located on top of each kidney.
CORRECT ANSWER
Adrenal glands
RATIONALE
Adrenal glands, also known as suprarenal glands, are endocrine structures that produce hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline, regulating
metabolism and stress responses. Their anatomical position atop each kidney is critical for maintaining homeostasis and responding to
physiological demands.
Q4 QUESTION 4 OF 90
Page 2
, Describe the three layers of protective tissue that surround the kidney.
CORRECT ANSWER
The kidney surface is protected by three layers of specialized tissue. The renal capsule is a tough fibrous outer skin of the kidney which
protects it from injury and infection. Outside of the renal capsule is a fatty layer that protects the kidney from trauma called the adipose
capsule. The outer renal fascia is dense fibrous connective tissue which keeps the kidney in place inside the abdominal cavity.
RATIONALE
The renal capsule provides a tough, protective barrier against mechanical injury and infection, while the adipose capsule offers cushioning
from trauma, and the renal fascia anchors the kidney in its anatomical position, collectively maintaining renal integrity and function.
Understanding these protective layers emphasizes the kidney's vulnerability and the need for structural support within the abdominal cavity.
Q5 QUESTION 5 OF 90
A vertical cross section shows what three regions inside the kidney?
CORRECT ANSWER
The cortex, the medulla, and the pelvis.
RATIONALE
The kidney's anatomy is organized into three distinct regions: the cortex, which contains glomeruli and nephron structures; the medulla,
composed of renal pyramids that facilitate urine concentration; and the pelvis, serving as the funnel for urine drainage into the ureter.
Recognizing these regions is fundamental for understanding kidney function and pathology.
Q6 QUESTION 6 OF 90
The _____ is a continuous outer region with several cortical columns
CORRECT ANSWER
Renal cortex
RATIONALE
The renal cortex houses multiple nephron units, organized into cortical columns, and plays a crucial role in filtration and urine formation. Its
continuous outer region is for maintaining kidney function and homeostasis.
Q7 QUESTION 7 OF 90
The renal medulla is divided into sections called _____.
CORRECT ANSWER
Pyramids
Page 3
