NASM CPT 7TH EDITION 2026/2027 FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔pivot joint - ✔✔base of skull, elbow
✔✔ball & socket joints - ✔✔most mobile, movement in all three directions (hip,
shoulder)
✔✔Nonsynovial joints - ✔✔little to no movement (sutures of skull)
✔✔Ligaments - ✔✔Connect bone to bone (torn or stretched =sprain)
✔✔Tendons - ✔✔Connect muscle to bone (torn or stretched = strain)
✔✔3 types of muscles - ✔✔skeletal, cardiac, smooth
✔✔skeletal muscle - ✔✔connects bones, produces movement
✔✔cardiac muscle - ✔✔makes up the heart
✔✔smooth muscle - ✔✔makes up tissue of internal organs
✔✔fascia - ✔✔surrounds muscles, connects them to other muscles
✔✔Epimysium - ✔✔"deep fascia"
✔✔Type 1 muscle fibers - ✔✔"slow twitch" resistant to fatigue
✔✔Type 2 muscle fibers - ✔✔"fast twitch" faster to fatigue
✔✔Myofibrils - ✔✔contractile components of a muscle cell
✔✔Perimysium - ✔✔connective tissue that surrounds a fascicle
✔✔Endomysium - ✔✔wraps around individual fibers within a fascicle
✔✔Fascicle - ✔✔bundle of fibers within a muscle
✔✔sliding filament theory - ✔✔series of steps in muscle contraction
✔✔atrium (atria) - ✔✔each of the two upper chambers in the heart that receives blood
INTO the heart
, ✔✔Ventricles - ✔✔the two lower chambers of the heart, and they pump blood OUT to
the lungs and body.
✔✔Pulmonic side of heart - ✔✔Right side; receives deoxygenated blood from body
✔✔Systemic side of heart - ✔✔Left side; pumps freshly oxygenated blood to body
✔✔RHR- Resting Heart Rate - ✔✔the number of times your heart beats per minute
when at rest (avg is 60-100 bmp)
✔✔Bradycardia - ✔✔slow heart rate (below 60 bpm)
✔✔Tachycardia - ✔✔fast heart rate (above 100 bpm)
✔✔3 blood cell types - ✔✔red, white, platelets
✔✔3 types of blood vessels - ✔✔arteries, capillaries, veins
✔✔Arteries - ✔✔carry blood away from the heart
✔✔Capillaries - ✔✔The smallest blood vessels, and the site o exchange elements
between the blood and the tissues.
✔✔Veins - ✔✔carry blood back to the heart
✔✔Arterioles - ✔✔small arteries
✔✔Venules - ✔✔small vessels that gather blood from the capillaries into the veins
✔✔venous pooling - ✔✔accumulation of the blood into the extremities due to low blood
flow
✔✔systolic pressure - ✔✔the upper number in the fraction that measures blood
pressure, the pressure when the heart contracts
✔✔diastolic pressure - ✔✔the lower number in BP reading, the pressure when heart
relaxes ( fills with blood between beats)
✔✔Breathing: inspiration and expiration - ✔✔inspiration is inhale, expiration is exhale
✔✔Valsalva maneuver - ✔✔holding breath during an intense muscle contraction, which
can reduce blood flow to the brain and cause dizziness or fainting (not for people with
high BP)
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔pivot joint - ✔✔base of skull, elbow
✔✔ball & socket joints - ✔✔most mobile, movement in all three directions (hip,
shoulder)
✔✔Nonsynovial joints - ✔✔little to no movement (sutures of skull)
✔✔Ligaments - ✔✔Connect bone to bone (torn or stretched =sprain)
✔✔Tendons - ✔✔Connect muscle to bone (torn or stretched = strain)
✔✔3 types of muscles - ✔✔skeletal, cardiac, smooth
✔✔skeletal muscle - ✔✔connects bones, produces movement
✔✔cardiac muscle - ✔✔makes up the heart
✔✔smooth muscle - ✔✔makes up tissue of internal organs
✔✔fascia - ✔✔surrounds muscles, connects them to other muscles
✔✔Epimysium - ✔✔"deep fascia"
✔✔Type 1 muscle fibers - ✔✔"slow twitch" resistant to fatigue
✔✔Type 2 muscle fibers - ✔✔"fast twitch" faster to fatigue
✔✔Myofibrils - ✔✔contractile components of a muscle cell
✔✔Perimysium - ✔✔connective tissue that surrounds a fascicle
✔✔Endomysium - ✔✔wraps around individual fibers within a fascicle
✔✔Fascicle - ✔✔bundle of fibers within a muscle
✔✔sliding filament theory - ✔✔series of steps in muscle contraction
✔✔atrium (atria) - ✔✔each of the two upper chambers in the heart that receives blood
INTO the heart
, ✔✔Ventricles - ✔✔the two lower chambers of the heart, and they pump blood OUT to
the lungs and body.
✔✔Pulmonic side of heart - ✔✔Right side; receives deoxygenated blood from body
✔✔Systemic side of heart - ✔✔Left side; pumps freshly oxygenated blood to body
✔✔RHR- Resting Heart Rate - ✔✔the number of times your heart beats per minute
when at rest (avg is 60-100 bmp)
✔✔Bradycardia - ✔✔slow heart rate (below 60 bpm)
✔✔Tachycardia - ✔✔fast heart rate (above 100 bpm)
✔✔3 blood cell types - ✔✔red, white, platelets
✔✔3 types of blood vessels - ✔✔arteries, capillaries, veins
✔✔Arteries - ✔✔carry blood away from the heart
✔✔Capillaries - ✔✔The smallest blood vessels, and the site o exchange elements
between the blood and the tissues.
✔✔Veins - ✔✔carry blood back to the heart
✔✔Arterioles - ✔✔small arteries
✔✔Venules - ✔✔small vessels that gather blood from the capillaries into the veins
✔✔venous pooling - ✔✔accumulation of the blood into the extremities due to low blood
flow
✔✔systolic pressure - ✔✔the upper number in the fraction that measures blood
pressure, the pressure when the heart contracts
✔✔diastolic pressure - ✔✔the lower number in BP reading, the pressure when heart
relaxes ( fills with blood between beats)
✔✔Breathing: inspiration and expiration - ✔✔inspiration is inhale, expiration is exhale
✔✔Valsalva maneuver - ✔✔holding breath during an intense muscle contraction, which
can reduce blood flow to the brain and cause dizziness or fainting (not for people with
high BP)
