2
PSYC 435 final Exam with verified detailed answers || || || || || || ||
What is abnormal psychology concerned with? - ✔✔understanding the nature, causes and
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
treatment of mental disorders || || ||
What is family aggregation - ✔✔whether a disorder runs in families
|| || || || || || || || || ||
7 indicators of abnormailty - ✔✔1. subjective distress
|| || || || || || ||
2. maladaptiveness
||
3. statistical delivery
|| ||
4. violation of the standards of society
|| || || || || ||
5. social discomfort
|| ||
6. irrationality and unpredictability
|| || ||
7. dangerousness
||
DSM definition of a mental disorder - ✔✔A syndrome that is present in an individual and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
that involves clinically significant disturbance in behaviour, emotional regulation or
|| || || || || || || || || ||
cognitive functioning ||
Advantages of classification - ✔✔Provides us with nomenclature and enable us to structure
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
information in a more helpful manner || || || || ||
Disadvantages of classification - ✔✔Use of shorthand leads to a loss of information, there || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
can be some stigma associated with a having a psychiatric diagnosis, and stereotyping
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
What is epidemiology - ✔✔the study of the distribution of diseases, disorders or health
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
related behaviours in a given population
|| || || || ||
,2
Difference between prevalence and incidence - ✔✔prevalence refers to the number of active
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
cases in a population, incidence refers to the number of new cases that occur over a given
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
period of time || ||
What is external validity - ✔✔The extent to which we can generalize results of a study
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
What is internal validity - ✔✔The degree of confidence we can have in the results of a
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
particular study ||
What is a correlation coefficient? - ✔✔the strength of a correlation
|| || || || || || || || || ||
What is statistical significance? - ✔✔probability that results are due to chance
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
What is a meta analysis? - ✔✔Statistical approach which calculates and then combines the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
effect sizes from studies
|| || ||
what is a longitudinal design? - ✔✔a study that follows people over time and tries to
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
identify factors that predate the onset of a disorder
|| || || || || || || ||
what is an experimental research approach? - ✔✔A study where researchers control all
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
factors except one || ||
What is an ABAB design? - ✔✔A design that starts with controlled conditions, introduces
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
treatment, removes the treatment, and then reintroduces the treatment. Recommended
|| || || || || || || || || ||
form of practice. Has more comparisons which allows for greater confidence in findings.
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
3 general categories of mental disorders according to hippocrates - ✔✔1. mania
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
,2
2. melancholia
||
3. phrenitis (brain fever)
|| || ||
hippocrates belief on mental disorders - ✔✔Denied that demons intervened, instead
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
insisted that mental disorders had natural causes. Believed that mental disorders were due
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
to brain pathology.
|| ||
Mahers four element theory - ✔✔Four elements:
|| || || || || ||
1. blood (sanguis)
|| ||
2. phlem
|| ||
3. bile (choler)
|| ||
4. black bile (melancholia)
|| || ||
These fluids combined in different proportions in different individuals, and determines a
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
person's temperament ||
plato's opinion on mental illness - ✔✔Responses of the whole organism, reflecting its
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
internal state. Such persons were not responsible for their acts and should not receive
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
normal punishment. ||
aristotle's opinion on mental illness - ✔✔agreed with aristotles theory of the bile, and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
thought very hot bile generated amorous desires, verbal fluency, and suicidal impulses
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
what country was the earliest civilization to attend to mental disorders - ✔✔china, but then
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
regressed to a belief in supernatural forces as causal agents
|| || || || || || || || ||
what is mass madness - ✔✔the widespread occurrence of group behaviour disorders that
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
were apparently cases of hysteria
|| || || ||
, 2
what is tarantism - ✔✔groups of people would suddenly start to jump, dance, and go into
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
convulsions
What is lycanthropy? - ✔✔A condition in which people believe themselves to be possessed
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
by wolves ||
what is pinel's experiment - ✔✔tested his views that patients with mental illness should be
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
treated with kindness. removed chains from patients, provided sunny rooms and permitted
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
exercise
what is moral management? - ✔✔emphasized the patients' moral and spiritual
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
development and rehabilitation of their character rather than their disorders
|| || || || || || || || ||
what is the mental hygiene movement? - ✔✔advocated the physical well being of patients,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
received no help for mental problems, created by Dorothy Dix
|| || || || || || || || ||
what is neurasthenisia - ✔✔an old condition that involved pervasive feelings of low mood,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
lack of energy, and physical symptoms related to demands of civilization
|| || || || || || || || || ||
what is the deinstitutionalization movement? - ✔✔during the latter of the 20th century
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
vigorous efforts were made to close down mental hospitals and return people who were
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
psychiatrically disabled to the community, considered a more humane treatment || || || || || || || || ||
4 major themes in abnormal psychology in the 20th century - ✔✔1. biological discoveries
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
2. the development of a classification system for mental disorders
|| || || || || || || || ||
3. the emergence of psychological causation views
|| || || || || ||
4. experimental psychological research developments
|| || || ||
PSYC 435 final Exam with verified detailed answers || || || || || || ||
What is abnormal psychology concerned with? - ✔✔understanding the nature, causes and
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
treatment of mental disorders || || ||
What is family aggregation - ✔✔whether a disorder runs in families
|| || || || || || || || || ||
7 indicators of abnormailty - ✔✔1. subjective distress
|| || || || || || ||
2. maladaptiveness
||
3. statistical delivery
|| ||
4. violation of the standards of society
|| || || || || ||
5. social discomfort
|| ||
6. irrationality and unpredictability
|| || ||
7. dangerousness
||
DSM definition of a mental disorder - ✔✔A syndrome that is present in an individual and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
that involves clinically significant disturbance in behaviour, emotional regulation or
|| || || || || || || || || ||
cognitive functioning ||
Advantages of classification - ✔✔Provides us with nomenclature and enable us to structure
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
information in a more helpful manner || || || || ||
Disadvantages of classification - ✔✔Use of shorthand leads to a loss of information, there || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
can be some stigma associated with a having a psychiatric diagnosis, and stereotyping
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
What is epidemiology - ✔✔the study of the distribution of diseases, disorders or health
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
related behaviours in a given population
|| || || || ||
,2
Difference between prevalence and incidence - ✔✔prevalence refers to the number of active
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
cases in a population, incidence refers to the number of new cases that occur over a given
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
period of time || ||
What is external validity - ✔✔The extent to which we can generalize results of a study
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
What is internal validity - ✔✔The degree of confidence we can have in the results of a
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
particular study ||
What is a correlation coefficient? - ✔✔the strength of a correlation
|| || || || || || || || || ||
What is statistical significance? - ✔✔probability that results are due to chance
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
What is a meta analysis? - ✔✔Statistical approach which calculates and then combines the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
effect sizes from studies
|| || ||
what is a longitudinal design? - ✔✔a study that follows people over time and tries to
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
identify factors that predate the onset of a disorder
|| || || || || || || ||
what is an experimental research approach? - ✔✔A study where researchers control all
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
factors except one || ||
What is an ABAB design? - ✔✔A design that starts with controlled conditions, introduces
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
treatment, removes the treatment, and then reintroduces the treatment. Recommended
|| || || || || || || || || ||
form of practice. Has more comparisons which allows for greater confidence in findings.
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
3 general categories of mental disorders according to hippocrates - ✔✔1. mania
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
,2
2. melancholia
||
3. phrenitis (brain fever)
|| || ||
hippocrates belief on mental disorders - ✔✔Denied that demons intervened, instead
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
insisted that mental disorders had natural causes. Believed that mental disorders were due
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
to brain pathology.
|| ||
Mahers four element theory - ✔✔Four elements:
|| || || || || ||
1. blood (sanguis)
|| ||
2. phlem
|| ||
3. bile (choler)
|| ||
4. black bile (melancholia)
|| || ||
These fluids combined in different proportions in different individuals, and determines a
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
person's temperament ||
plato's opinion on mental illness - ✔✔Responses of the whole organism, reflecting its
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
internal state. Such persons were not responsible for their acts and should not receive
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
normal punishment. ||
aristotle's opinion on mental illness - ✔✔agreed with aristotles theory of the bile, and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
thought very hot bile generated amorous desires, verbal fluency, and suicidal impulses
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
what country was the earliest civilization to attend to mental disorders - ✔✔china, but then
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
regressed to a belief in supernatural forces as causal agents
|| || || || || || || || ||
what is mass madness - ✔✔the widespread occurrence of group behaviour disorders that
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
were apparently cases of hysteria
|| || || ||
, 2
what is tarantism - ✔✔groups of people would suddenly start to jump, dance, and go into
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
convulsions
What is lycanthropy? - ✔✔A condition in which people believe themselves to be possessed
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
by wolves ||
what is pinel's experiment - ✔✔tested his views that patients with mental illness should be
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
treated with kindness. removed chains from patients, provided sunny rooms and permitted
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
exercise
what is moral management? - ✔✔emphasized the patients' moral and spiritual
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
development and rehabilitation of their character rather than their disorders
|| || || || || || || || ||
what is the mental hygiene movement? - ✔✔advocated the physical well being of patients,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
received no help for mental problems, created by Dorothy Dix
|| || || || || || || || ||
what is neurasthenisia - ✔✔an old condition that involved pervasive feelings of low mood,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
lack of energy, and physical symptoms related to demands of civilization
|| || || || || || || || || ||
what is the deinstitutionalization movement? - ✔✔during the latter of the 20th century
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
vigorous efforts were made to close down mental hospitals and return people who were
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
psychiatrically disabled to the community, considered a more humane treatment || || || || || || || || ||
4 major themes in abnormal psychology in the 20th century - ✔✔1. biological discoveries
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
2. the development of a classification system for mental disorders
|| || || || || || || || ||
3. the emergence of psychological causation views
|| || || || || ||
4. experimental psychological research developments
|| || || ||
