2
Maryville patho exam 3 with verified detailed solutions || || || || || || ||
panhypopituitarism. - ✔✔term correctly associated with the lack of all (PAN = all) anterior || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
pituitary hormones: including cortisol deficiency from lack of adrenocorticotrophic
|| || || || || || || || ||
hormone (ACTH), thyroid deficiency from lack of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
loss of secondary sex characteristics from lack of FSH and LH
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Hyperpituitarism: Primary Adenoma - ✔✔•Usually benign slow-growing || || || || || || ||
•Arise from cells of the anterior pituitary
|| || || || || ||
•Local expansion may cause both neurologic and secretory defects.
|| || || || || || || ||
•Secretes the hormone of the cell type from which it arose, without regard to physiologic
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
needs and without benefit of regulatory feedback mechanisms.
|| || || || || || || ||
•Pressure produced is also associated with decreased function of neighboring anterior
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
pituitary cells, which results in hyposecretion of other anterior pituitary hormones.
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
see slide 7 ppt for facial appearance
|| || || || || ||
clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism - ✔✔Decreased energy metabolism
|| || || || || || || ||
Constipation
Bradycardia
Lethargy.
In primary hypothyroidism - ✔✔the loss of functional thyroid tissue leads to a decreased
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
production of TH || ||
Hypothyroidism Causes in adults - ✔✔Autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto disease) || || || || || || || ||
Iatrogenic loss of thyroid tissue after surgical or radioactive treatment for
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
hyperthyroidismhead ||
,2
Neck radiation therapy
|| ||
Medications
Endemic iodine deficiency || ||
Thyroid Carcinoma - ✔✔1.the most common endocrine malignancy;
|| || || || || || || ||
2. Exposure to ionizing radiation, especially during childhood, is the most consistent causal
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
factor.
3. Most individuals with this have normal T3 and T4 levels and are therefore euthyroid.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
4. typically is discovered as a small thyroid nodule or as a metastatic tumor most commonly
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
occurring in the regional lymph nodes, lungs, brain, or bone
|| || || || || || || || ||
5. Changes in voice and swallowing and difficulty in breathing are related to tumor growth
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
impinging on the trachea or esophagus || || || || ||
6. diagnosis is generally made by fine-needle aspiration of a thyroid nodule
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
Diabetes insipidus - ✔✔1. ADH "water" || || || || || ||
2. Result of insufficient ADH.
|| || || ||
3. must be distinguished from other polyuric states, including diabetes mellitus.
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
4. The basic criteria for the diagnosis
|| || || || || || ||
|| a. polyuria (sign)
|| ||
|| b. polydipsia or thirst (symptom)
|| || || ||
|| c. hypernatremia
||
|| d. high serum osmolality (300 mOsm or more)
|| || || || || || ||
Diabetes mellitus - ✔✔dehydration during a state of insulin deficiency. Polyuria and
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
dehydration result from the osmotic diuresis associated with hyperglycemia|| || || || || || || ||
Diabetic ketoacidosis - ✔✔•Dehydration during a state of profound insulin deficiency.
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
, 2
•Precipitated by infection, newly diagnosed, nonadherence to diabetes treatment
|| || || || || || || ||
•Symptoms ||
1. Kussmaul respirations: hyperventilation in an attempt to compensate for the acidosis:
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
7.36/25/9
|| 2. postural dizziness
|| ||
|| 3. CNS depression
|| ||
|| 4 ketonuria
||
|| 5 anorexia
||
|| 6. nausea ||
|| 7. abdominal pain
|| ||
|| 8. thirst ||
|| 9. polyuria
||
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNKS) or hyperglycemic || || || || || || ||
hyperosmolar state (HHS) - ✔✔•Life-threatening emergency most often precipitated by
|| || || || || || || || || ||
infections, medications, nonadherence to diabetes treatment, or coexisting disease.
|| || || || || || || || ||
• is more commonly seen with type 2 diabetes.
|| || || || || || || ||
• differs from DKA in the degree of insulin deficiency and the degree of fluid deficiency.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
• is characterized by a lack of ketosis.
|| || || || || || ||
SIADH: syndrome of antidiuretic hormone - ✔✔•High levels of ADH in the absence of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
normal physiologic stimuli for its release.
|| || || || || ||
•Associated with ectopic secretion of ADH by several types of tumor cells.
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
•Pulmonary disorders ||
•CNS disorders. ||
•Symptoms result from || || ||
Maryville patho exam 3 with verified detailed solutions || || || || || || ||
panhypopituitarism. - ✔✔term correctly associated with the lack of all (PAN = all) anterior || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
pituitary hormones: including cortisol deficiency from lack of adrenocorticotrophic
|| || || || || || || || ||
hormone (ACTH), thyroid deficiency from lack of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
loss of secondary sex characteristics from lack of FSH and LH
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Hyperpituitarism: Primary Adenoma - ✔✔•Usually benign slow-growing || || || || || || ||
•Arise from cells of the anterior pituitary
|| || || || || ||
•Local expansion may cause both neurologic and secretory defects.
|| || || || || || || ||
•Secretes the hormone of the cell type from which it arose, without regard to physiologic
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
needs and without benefit of regulatory feedback mechanisms.
|| || || || || || || ||
•Pressure produced is also associated with decreased function of neighboring anterior
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
pituitary cells, which results in hyposecretion of other anterior pituitary hormones.
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
see slide 7 ppt for facial appearance
|| || || || || ||
clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism - ✔✔Decreased energy metabolism
|| || || || || || || ||
Constipation
Bradycardia
Lethargy.
In primary hypothyroidism - ✔✔the loss of functional thyroid tissue leads to a decreased
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
production of TH || ||
Hypothyroidism Causes in adults - ✔✔Autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto disease) || || || || || || || ||
Iatrogenic loss of thyroid tissue after surgical or radioactive treatment for
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
hyperthyroidismhead ||
,2
Neck radiation therapy
|| ||
Medications
Endemic iodine deficiency || ||
Thyroid Carcinoma - ✔✔1.the most common endocrine malignancy;
|| || || || || || || ||
2. Exposure to ionizing radiation, especially during childhood, is the most consistent causal
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
factor.
3. Most individuals with this have normal T3 and T4 levels and are therefore euthyroid.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
4. typically is discovered as a small thyroid nodule or as a metastatic tumor most commonly
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
occurring in the regional lymph nodes, lungs, brain, or bone
|| || || || || || || || ||
5. Changes in voice and swallowing and difficulty in breathing are related to tumor growth
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
impinging on the trachea or esophagus || || || || ||
6. diagnosis is generally made by fine-needle aspiration of a thyroid nodule
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
Diabetes insipidus - ✔✔1. ADH "water" || || || || || ||
2. Result of insufficient ADH.
|| || || ||
3. must be distinguished from other polyuric states, including diabetes mellitus.
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
4. The basic criteria for the diagnosis
|| || || || || || ||
|| a. polyuria (sign)
|| ||
|| b. polydipsia or thirst (symptom)
|| || || ||
|| c. hypernatremia
||
|| d. high serum osmolality (300 mOsm or more)
|| || || || || || ||
Diabetes mellitus - ✔✔dehydration during a state of insulin deficiency. Polyuria and
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
dehydration result from the osmotic diuresis associated with hyperglycemia|| || || || || || || ||
Diabetic ketoacidosis - ✔✔•Dehydration during a state of profound insulin deficiency.
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
, 2
•Precipitated by infection, newly diagnosed, nonadherence to diabetes treatment
|| || || || || || || ||
•Symptoms ||
1. Kussmaul respirations: hyperventilation in an attempt to compensate for the acidosis:
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
7.36/25/9
|| 2. postural dizziness
|| ||
|| 3. CNS depression
|| ||
|| 4 ketonuria
||
|| 5 anorexia
||
|| 6. nausea ||
|| 7. abdominal pain
|| ||
|| 8. thirst ||
|| 9. polyuria
||
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNKS) or hyperglycemic || || || || || || ||
hyperosmolar state (HHS) - ✔✔•Life-threatening emergency most often precipitated by
|| || || || || || || || || ||
infections, medications, nonadherence to diabetes treatment, or coexisting disease.
|| || || || || || || || ||
• is more commonly seen with type 2 diabetes.
|| || || || || || || ||
• differs from DKA in the degree of insulin deficiency and the degree of fluid deficiency.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
• is characterized by a lack of ketosis.
|| || || || || || ||
SIADH: syndrome of antidiuretic hormone - ✔✔•High levels of ADH in the absence of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
normal physiologic stimuli for its release.
|| || || || || ||
•Associated with ectopic secretion of ADH by several types of tumor cells.
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
•Pulmonary disorders ||
•CNS disorders. ||
•Symptoms result from || || ||
