Biol 2200 Exam 1
UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers
Question: Darwin
Correct Answer: published "On the Origin of Species by means of Natural Selection" about decent
with modification from common ancestor, changes in form in response to envi-
ronment, and natural selection as mechanism for evolution.
Question: Lamarck
Correct Answer: His theory of inheritance state organisms change due to environment, species move
towards increased complexity, traits that are used improve over time and are inherited
by offspring, and traits that aren't used disappear.
Question: Evolution
Correct Answer: a change in genetic composition of a population from generation to generation.
Change can only occur with genetic variation.
Question: Natural Selection A mechanism of evolution. An increase in genotypes with higher fitness in
an
Correct Answer: environment
Question: Tenets of natural selection
Correct Answer: many offsprings are produced but not all survive, traits vary among individuals
within a population and may be heirtable, some heirtable traits give individuals an
advantage in their environment, and advantageous traits become more common
Question: Homology
Correct Answer: similarity due to common ancestry. Anatomical, molecular, form and function may
be very different
Question: Convergence
Correct Answer: similarity of form/function due to similar environments
,Question: Phenotypic plas- ticity
Correct Answer: a genotype that produces different phenotypes in response to the environment. same
genotype, different phenotype in response to the environment
Question: Genetic Variation differences among individuals in the composition of their genes or DNA
se-
Correct Answer: quences, doesn't always lead to phenotypic differences, not all phenotypic differ-
ences indicate genetic variation
Question: Sources of genet- ic variation
Correct Answer: point mutations, chromosomal mutations, crossing over during meiosis
Question: Heritability (Mendel)
Correct Answer: mendel observed 3:1 patterns of inheritance of phenotypic traits, two alleles at locus
(dominant determines phenotype and recessive masked in phenotype)
Question: Population
Correct Answer: group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area and interbreed,
leaving viable offsprings
Question: alleles
Correct Answer: different variations of a gene
Question: gene pool
Correct Answer: all copies of all alleles at every locus in all members of the population
Question: Hardy-Weinberg principle
Correct Answer: if alleles are transmitted by meiosis and random mating, frequencies DO NOT
change over time. shows frequencies of alleles and genotypes in the absence of
evolution
Question: Mechanisms of evolution
Correct Answer: mutation, gene flow, nonrandom mating, genetic drift, and natural selection
, Question: Modes of natural selection
Correct Answer: directional selection, stabilizing selection, disruptive selection
Question: directional selec- tion
Correct Answer: peak shifts entirely in one direction, either right or left
Question: stabilizing selec- tion
Correct Answer: peak gets narrower in phenotype
Question: disruptive selec- tion
Correct Answer: phenotypes outside of middle peak become more common
Question: genetic drift
Correct Answer: change in alelle frequency due to chance, has larger effect on smaller populations,
can cause random chnages in allele frequencies, can cause alleles to become fixed
Question: Bottleneck effect population shrinks in a short amount of time, gene pool becomes limited,
and
Correct Answer: then population grows with the limited gene pool available
Question: Founders effect
Correct Answer: small number of individuals establish a new population, daughter populations have
lower genetic diversity than source populations
Question: types of sexual selection
Correct Answer: intrasexual and intersexual
Question: intrasexual selec- tion
Correct Answer: selection within a sex to complete for mates
Question: intersexual selec- tion
Correct Answer: selection by one sex for mates, mate choice
Question: balancing selec- tion
UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers
Question: Darwin
Correct Answer: published "On the Origin of Species by means of Natural Selection" about decent
with modification from common ancestor, changes in form in response to envi-
ronment, and natural selection as mechanism for evolution.
Question: Lamarck
Correct Answer: His theory of inheritance state organisms change due to environment, species move
towards increased complexity, traits that are used improve over time and are inherited
by offspring, and traits that aren't used disappear.
Question: Evolution
Correct Answer: a change in genetic composition of a population from generation to generation.
Change can only occur with genetic variation.
Question: Natural Selection A mechanism of evolution. An increase in genotypes with higher fitness in
an
Correct Answer: environment
Question: Tenets of natural selection
Correct Answer: many offsprings are produced but not all survive, traits vary among individuals
within a population and may be heirtable, some heirtable traits give individuals an
advantage in their environment, and advantageous traits become more common
Question: Homology
Correct Answer: similarity due to common ancestry. Anatomical, molecular, form and function may
be very different
Question: Convergence
Correct Answer: similarity of form/function due to similar environments
,Question: Phenotypic plas- ticity
Correct Answer: a genotype that produces different phenotypes in response to the environment. same
genotype, different phenotype in response to the environment
Question: Genetic Variation differences among individuals in the composition of their genes or DNA
se-
Correct Answer: quences, doesn't always lead to phenotypic differences, not all phenotypic differ-
ences indicate genetic variation
Question: Sources of genet- ic variation
Correct Answer: point mutations, chromosomal mutations, crossing over during meiosis
Question: Heritability (Mendel)
Correct Answer: mendel observed 3:1 patterns of inheritance of phenotypic traits, two alleles at locus
(dominant determines phenotype and recessive masked in phenotype)
Question: Population
Correct Answer: group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area and interbreed,
leaving viable offsprings
Question: alleles
Correct Answer: different variations of a gene
Question: gene pool
Correct Answer: all copies of all alleles at every locus in all members of the population
Question: Hardy-Weinberg principle
Correct Answer: if alleles are transmitted by meiosis and random mating, frequencies DO NOT
change over time. shows frequencies of alleles and genotypes in the absence of
evolution
Question: Mechanisms of evolution
Correct Answer: mutation, gene flow, nonrandom mating, genetic drift, and natural selection
, Question: Modes of natural selection
Correct Answer: directional selection, stabilizing selection, disruptive selection
Question: directional selec- tion
Correct Answer: peak shifts entirely in one direction, either right or left
Question: stabilizing selec- tion
Correct Answer: peak gets narrower in phenotype
Question: disruptive selec- tion
Correct Answer: phenotypes outside of middle peak become more common
Question: genetic drift
Correct Answer: change in alelle frequency due to chance, has larger effect on smaller populations,
can cause random chnages in allele frequencies, can cause alleles to become fixed
Question: Bottleneck effect population shrinks in a short amount of time, gene pool becomes limited,
and
Correct Answer: then population grows with the limited gene pool available
Question: Founders effect
Correct Answer: small number of individuals establish a new population, daughter populations have
lower genetic diversity than source populations
Question: types of sexual selection
Correct Answer: intrasexual and intersexual
Question: intrasexual selec- tion
Correct Answer: selection within a sex to complete for mates
Question: intersexual selec- tion
Correct Answer: selection by one sex for mates, mate choice
Question: balancing selec- tion
