GMS 6440 COMPREHENSIVE EXAM 2026/2027 QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔In our body, approximately 8 liters of intestinal juices are secreted into the GI tract
daily, but only 100 ml of water is secreted into the feces. - ✔✔True
✔✔Normal movement of blood flow in the heart is: left atrium-left ventricle-lung-right
atrium-right ventricle. - ✔✔False. Right atrium-right ventricle-lung-left atrium-left
ventricle
✔✔Normally, humans have 2 lobes in the right lung and 3 lobes in the left lung. -
✔✔False. 3 lobes in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left lung.
✔✔In the lung, gas exchange occurs mostly at the alveoli. - ✔✔True
✔✔The urinary system is normally composed of two kidneys, two ureters and two
bladders. - ✔✔False. Two kidneys, two ureters and one bladder.
✔✔Filtered wastes from the glomerulus will move in the following order: Bowman's
capsule-proximal tubule-distal tubule-loop of Henle-collecting duct. - ✔✔False.
Bowman's capsule-proximal tubule- loop of Henle-distal tubule-collecting duct.
✔✔Both endocrine and nervous systems play important roles in controlling the activities
of many different organ systems to maintain homeostasis. - ✔✔True
✔✔Specificity of hormone action in the target cells is determined by receptors. -
✔✔True
✔✔The area of nerve axon not wrapped by myelin sheath (non-myelinated area) is
called nodes of Ranvier where action potential is insulated. - ✔✔False. Myelin sheath
insulates action potential. Action potential propagates faster by skipping myelinated
axon, and jumping from nodes of Ranvier to another node.
✔✔What chemical component of the plasma membrane prevents ions from readily and
freely moving across the membrane? - ✔✔Lipids (phospholipids)
✔✔Where is the concentration of [K+] greater: - ✔✔Cytoplasm
✔✔Across a cell's plasma membrane, movement of water is _______________. -
✔✔passive through a channel
✔✔Where is the concentration of [Na+] greater: - ✔✔in the extracellular fluid
, ✔✔For a neutrally charged molecule, "Active" transport means that the molecules move
across a membrane: - ✔✔from low concentration to high concentration
✔✔What molecule is the source of energy for primary active transport to occur? -
✔✔ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
✔✔There is only one type of channel in cell membranes. - ✔✔False
✔✔Regarding primary active transport, solutes move from a compartment of low
concentration to a compartment of high concentration. - ✔✔True
✔✔Regarding secondary active transport of glucose, the movement of glucose is from a
compartment of high concentration to a compartment of low concentration. - ✔✔False
✔✔All transport through membrane channels is classified as "Active" transport. -
✔✔False
✔✔Electrolytes are pumped and leak across cell membranes simultaneously but
independently. - ✔✔True
✔✔At what point in time does the electrochemical equilibrium potential exist? - ✔✔At
equilibrium
✔✔What is a major factor that regulates an electrolyte's electrochemical equilibrium
potential across a cell membrane? - ✔✔Concentration (chemical) gradient
✔✔The electrochemical equilibrium potential for a single highly permeant ion species is
controlled by the concentration gradient. - ✔✔True
✔✔Movement of a charged electrolyte is determined by the major forces of voltage plus
chemical concentration gradients - ✔✔True
✔✔The cellular K+ Electrochemical Equilibrium Potential is regulated by concentration
differences across plasma membranes. - ✔✔True
✔✔Which of these ion choices is primarily responsible for establishing a typical cell
membrane's "resting" potential? - ✔✔K+
✔✔Excessive extracellular acid (i.e., [H+] ) will raise the concentration of extracellular
potassium ion concentration. - ✔✔True
AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔In our body, approximately 8 liters of intestinal juices are secreted into the GI tract
daily, but only 100 ml of water is secreted into the feces. - ✔✔True
✔✔Normal movement of blood flow in the heart is: left atrium-left ventricle-lung-right
atrium-right ventricle. - ✔✔False. Right atrium-right ventricle-lung-left atrium-left
ventricle
✔✔Normally, humans have 2 lobes in the right lung and 3 lobes in the left lung. -
✔✔False. 3 lobes in the right lung and 2 lobes in the left lung.
✔✔In the lung, gas exchange occurs mostly at the alveoli. - ✔✔True
✔✔The urinary system is normally composed of two kidneys, two ureters and two
bladders. - ✔✔False. Two kidneys, two ureters and one bladder.
✔✔Filtered wastes from the glomerulus will move in the following order: Bowman's
capsule-proximal tubule-distal tubule-loop of Henle-collecting duct. - ✔✔False.
Bowman's capsule-proximal tubule- loop of Henle-distal tubule-collecting duct.
✔✔Both endocrine and nervous systems play important roles in controlling the activities
of many different organ systems to maintain homeostasis. - ✔✔True
✔✔Specificity of hormone action in the target cells is determined by receptors. -
✔✔True
✔✔The area of nerve axon not wrapped by myelin sheath (non-myelinated area) is
called nodes of Ranvier where action potential is insulated. - ✔✔False. Myelin sheath
insulates action potential. Action potential propagates faster by skipping myelinated
axon, and jumping from nodes of Ranvier to another node.
✔✔What chemical component of the plasma membrane prevents ions from readily and
freely moving across the membrane? - ✔✔Lipids (phospholipids)
✔✔Where is the concentration of [K+] greater: - ✔✔Cytoplasm
✔✔Across a cell's plasma membrane, movement of water is _______________. -
✔✔passive through a channel
✔✔Where is the concentration of [Na+] greater: - ✔✔in the extracellular fluid
, ✔✔For a neutrally charged molecule, "Active" transport means that the molecules move
across a membrane: - ✔✔from low concentration to high concentration
✔✔What molecule is the source of energy for primary active transport to occur? -
✔✔ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
✔✔There is only one type of channel in cell membranes. - ✔✔False
✔✔Regarding primary active transport, solutes move from a compartment of low
concentration to a compartment of high concentration. - ✔✔True
✔✔Regarding secondary active transport of glucose, the movement of glucose is from a
compartment of high concentration to a compartment of low concentration. - ✔✔False
✔✔All transport through membrane channels is classified as "Active" transport. -
✔✔False
✔✔Electrolytes are pumped and leak across cell membranes simultaneously but
independently. - ✔✔True
✔✔At what point in time does the electrochemical equilibrium potential exist? - ✔✔At
equilibrium
✔✔What is a major factor that regulates an electrolyte's electrochemical equilibrium
potential across a cell membrane? - ✔✔Concentration (chemical) gradient
✔✔The electrochemical equilibrium potential for a single highly permeant ion species is
controlled by the concentration gradient. - ✔✔True
✔✔Movement of a charged electrolyte is determined by the major forces of voltage plus
chemical concentration gradients - ✔✔True
✔✔The cellular K+ Electrochemical Equilibrium Potential is regulated by concentration
differences across plasma membranes. - ✔✔True
✔✔Which of these ion choices is primarily responsible for establishing a typical cell
membrane's "resting" potential? - ✔✔K+
✔✔Excessive extracellular acid (i.e., [H+] ) will raise the concentration of extracellular
potassium ion concentration. - ✔✔True
