CNUR 400 REVIEW | COMPLETE NURSING STUDY GUIDE, PRACTICE QUESTIONS
& EXAM PREP 2026/2027
A dilemma, conundrum, question, or a simple statement can be defined as a: (a) problem (b)
issue (c) political engagement (d) deductive thinking - correct answer ✔✔(b) issue
T/F: Problems are usually deductive thinking which can be understood as the application of
general rules and laws to a specific concrete situation in nursing practice - correct answer
✔✔True
By identifying the topic of interest one is demonstrating what aspect: (a) framing the issue (b)
articulating the issue (c) analyzing the issue (d) devising strategies for resolution - correct
answer ✔✔(a) framing the issue
Exploring the prevailing attitudes, the values and priorities, and the privileges of the dominant
culture is seen as which analysis approach? (a) political (b) ethical and legal (c) historical (d)
social and cultural - correct answer ✔✔(d) social and cultural
Which analysis approach asks difficult questions that challenge the source and asks how things
could be otherwise? (a) social and cultural (b) economic (c) political (d) critical analysis - correct
answer ✔✔(b) economic
A directive that document government decisions and it the process of taking problems to
government agents and obtaining a decision or reply in the form of a program, law, or
regulation is an example of: (a) health policy (b) policy cycle (c) public policy (d) the Canada
Health Act - correct answer ✔✔(c) public policy
Engaging in campaigns to elect officials or others in power using electronic communication,
social media, letters, and phone calls can be described as: (a) public policy (b) ethical dilemma
(c) direct lobbying (d) indirect lobbying - correct answer ✔✔(c) direct lobbying
,Which of the following is not true about the policy cycle? (a) It is a 10 step cycle (b) It has 2
distinct phases, each anchored by a particular step in the cycle (c) The first phase is getting to
the policy agenda (d) The second phase is moving into action - correct answer ✔✔(a) the cycle
is a 8 step cycle (values and beliefs, emergence of problems or issues, knowledge and
development of research, public awareness, political engagement, interest of group activation,
public policy deliberation and adoption, regulation experience and revision
Comprehensiveness, universality, portability, accessibility, public administration are 5 principles
from which of the following: (a) British North America Act (b) PHAC (c) Medicare Canada (d)
Canada Health Act - correct answer ✔✔(d) Canada health act (1984)
What is medically necessary and what is medically unnecessary is which of the following
principles: (a) comprehensiveness (b) universality (c) portability (d) public administration (e)
accessibility - correct answer ✔✔(a) comprehensiveness
T/F: Extra billing is allowed in the Canada Health Act - correct answer ✔✔False. It is not allowed.
Roughly 70% of total health expenditures in Canada are paid by public-sector funding, with 30%
financed privately through supplementary insurance, employer-sponsored benefits, or direct
out-of-pocket expenditures. Which of the 5 principles is this an example of: (a) universality (b)
portability (c) public administration (d) accessibility - correct answer ✔✔(c) public
administration
What is the major cause for the increasing health care spending? (a) aging population (b)
private health care services (c) immigrants (d) populations that are homelessness have and
addictions - correct answer ✔✔(b) private health care services (pharmaceuticals, dental,
diagnostics, and other non-insured services)
What is said to save Canadians 10.7 billion a year and cover everyone? (a) public drug plan (b)
private health care services (c) increase in community resources (d) redirecting HCP roles -
correct answer ✔✔(a) public drug plan. A universal pharmacare plan could save alot of money.
, Matters such as euthanasia, assisted suicide, stem cell research, and maternal-fetal conflicts are
examples of: (a) deonotological ethics (b) fiduciary duty (c) metaethics (d) bioethics - correct
answer ✔✔(d) bioethics. It focuses on ethical issues surrounding human lives, health, and
illness.
A nurse justifies how she feels by citing professional norms but does not critically reflect what
she is feeling. What level of moral response is the nurse demonstrating? (a) expressive level (b)
pre-reflective level (c) reflective level - correct answer ✔✔(b) pre-reflective level
Which theory is most often effective at helping to highlight key issues within an ethical case
study by providing an overarching structure, or starting point, for considering all the facets of a
problem or dilemma? (a) deontological (b) consequentialist (c) utilitarianism (d) principlism -
correct answer ✔✔(d) principlism
A nurse who is seriously compromising themselves or is allowing themselves to be
compromised happens if ethical distress is not addressed. This is known as: (a) ethical residue
(b) ethical dilemma (c) ethical uncertainty (d) ethical violation - correct answer ✔✔(a) ethical
residue
"Sticking to our moral guns" even in the face of adversity is described as: (a) moral integrity (b)
fidelity to promise (c) fiduciary duty (d) steadfastness - correct answer ✔✔(d) steadfastness
Which of the following is not a legal obligation of a nurse? (a) to have knowledge of the legal
boundaries of their job (b) to protect patients' rights (c) facilitate a strong and sustainable
connection between moral intent and moral action (d) protect themselves from liability -
correct answer ✔✔(c) facilitate a strong and sustainable connection between moral intent and
moral action. This is an example of moral leadership
A trust-based duty that implies a higher duty of care to others and requires one to place the
needs of another person ahead of their own needs is which of the following: (a) duty of care (b)
fiduciary duty (c) being accountable (d) moral integrity - correct answer ✔✔(b) fiduciary duty
& EXAM PREP 2026/2027
A dilemma, conundrum, question, or a simple statement can be defined as a: (a) problem (b)
issue (c) political engagement (d) deductive thinking - correct answer ✔✔(b) issue
T/F: Problems are usually deductive thinking which can be understood as the application of
general rules and laws to a specific concrete situation in nursing practice - correct answer
✔✔True
By identifying the topic of interest one is demonstrating what aspect: (a) framing the issue (b)
articulating the issue (c) analyzing the issue (d) devising strategies for resolution - correct
answer ✔✔(a) framing the issue
Exploring the prevailing attitudes, the values and priorities, and the privileges of the dominant
culture is seen as which analysis approach? (a) political (b) ethical and legal (c) historical (d)
social and cultural - correct answer ✔✔(d) social and cultural
Which analysis approach asks difficult questions that challenge the source and asks how things
could be otherwise? (a) social and cultural (b) economic (c) political (d) critical analysis - correct
answer ✔✔(b) economic
A directive that document government decisions and it the process of taking problems to
government agents and obtaining a decision or reply in the form of a program, law, or
regulation is an example of: (a) health policy (b) policy cycle (c) public policy (d) the Canada
Health Act - correct answer ✔✔(c) public policy
Engaging in campaigns to elect officials or others in power using electronic communication,
social media, letters, and phone calls can be described as: (a) public policy (b) ethical dilemma
(c) direct lobbying (d) indirect lobbying - correct answer ✔✔(c) direct lobbying
,Which of the following is not true about the policy cycle? (a) It is a 10 step cycle (b) It has 2
distinct phases, each anchored by a particular step in the cycle (c) The first phase is getting to
the policy agenda (d) The second phase is moving into action - correct answer ✔✔(a) the cycle
is a 8 step cycle (values and beliefs, emergence of problems or issues, knowledge and
development of research, public awareness, political engagement, interest of group activation,
public policy deliberation and adoption, regulation experience and revision
Comprehensiveness, universality, portability, accessibility, public administration are 5 principles
from which of the following: (a) British North America Act (b) PHAC (c) Medicare Canada (d)
Canada Health Act - correct answer ✔✔(d) Canada health act (1984)
What is medically necessary and what is medically unnecessary is which of the following
principles: (a) comprehensiveness (b) universality (c) portability (d) public administration (e)
accessibility - correct answer ✔✔(a) comprehensiveness
T/F: Extra billing is allowed in the Canada Health Act - correct answer ✔✔False. It is not allowed.
Roughly 70% of total health expenditures in Canada are paid by public-sector funding, with 30%
financed privately through supplementary insurance, employer-sponsored benefits, or direct
out-of-pocket expenditures. Which of the 5 principles is this an example of: (a) universality (b)
portability (c) public administration (d) accessibility - correct answer ✔✔(c) public
administration
What is the major cause for the increasing health care spending? (a) aging population (b)
private health care services (c) immigrants (d) populations that are homelessness have and
addictions - correct answer ✔✔(b) private health care services (pharmaceuticals, dental,
diagnostics, and other non-insured services)
What is said to save Canadians 10.7 billion a year and cover everyone? (a) public drug plan (b)
private health care services (c) increase in community resources (d) redirecting HCP roles -
correct answer ✔✔(a) public drug plan. A universal pharmacare plan could save alot of money.
, Matters such as euthanasia, assisted suicide, stem cell research, and maternal-fetal conflicts are
examples of: (a) deonotological ethics (b) fiduciary duty (c) metaethics (d) bioethics - correct
answer ✔✔(d) bioethics. It focuses on ethical issues surrounding human lives, health, and
illness.
A nurse justifies how she feels by citing professional norms but does not critically reflect what
she is feeling. What level of moral response is the nurse demonstrating? (a) expressive level (b)
pre-reflective level (c) reflective level - correct answer ✔✔(b) pre-reflective level
Which theory is most often effective at helping to highlight key issues within an ethical case
study by providing an overarching structure, or starting point, for considering all the facets of a
problem or dilemma? (a) deontological (b) consequentialist (c) utilitarianism (d) principlism -
correct answer ✔✔(d) principlism
A nurse who is seriously compromising themselves or is allowing themselves to be
compromised happens if ethical distress is not addressed. This is known as: (a) ethical residue
(b) ethical dilemma (c) ethical uncertainty (d) ethical violation - correct answer ✔✔(a) ethical
residue
"Sticking to our moral guns" even in the face of adversity is described as: (a) moral integrity (b)
fidelity to promise (c) fiduciary duty (d) steadfastness - correct answer ✔✔(d) steadfastness
Which of the following is not a legal obligation of a nurse? (a) to have knowledge of the legal
boundaries of their job (b) to protect patients' rights (c) facilitate a strong and sustainable
connection between moral intent and moral action (d) protect themselves from liability -
correct answer ✔✔(c) facilitate a strong and sustainable connection between moral intent and
moral action. This is an example of moral leadership
A trust-based duty that implies a higher duty of care to others and requires one to place the
needs of another person ahead of their own needs is which of the following: (a) duty of care (b)
fiduciary duty (c) being accountable (d) moral integrity - correct answer ✔✔(b) fiduciary duty
