NFDN 1002 Final Test Questions with 100%
Correct Answers
Factors Influencing Elimination
Older Age
•Pathological Conditions
•Medications
•Fluid Balance
•Diagnostic Examinations
•Surgical Procedures
•Psychological Factors
•Sociocultural Factors
Factors Impacting Elimination: Older Individuals
Decreased ability to concentrate urine
•↓ Bladder muscle tone
•↓ Bladder contractility
•Neuromuscular; degenerative joint problems; weakness
•Male prostate size
Factors influencing elimination pathological conditions
oDisorders affecting CNS
oStrokes
oMultiple Sclerosis
,oParkinson's Disease
oDementia
oSpinal Cord Injury - above lumbar region
oAdvanced Dementia
oUrine Volume & Quality
oPre-renal; Renal; Post-renal
oNeurological Disorders affecting Peripheral Nerve Function:
oDiabetes
oMultiple Sclerosis
oConditions affecting mobility
oDegenerative Joint Disease - Arthritis
oParkinson's Dz
oliguria
scanty(small) urination (amount)
anuria
absence of urine
polyuria
excessive urination
nocturia
excessive urination at night
hematuria
,blood in the urine
dysuria
painful or difficult urination
enuresis
involuntary discharge of urine
urinary incontinence
inability to control urination
Transient Urinary Incontinence (UI):
•Urine loss associated with external causes i.e. hyperglycemia, Delirium, stool impaction,
drugs etc.
•Urgency UI:
•Urinary loss associated with sudden & urgent need to void
•Associated with Central nervous system disorders i.e. Stroke, Parkinson's Disease, Multiple
Sclerosis
•Stress UI:
•Sudden & involuntary loss of urine - small amounts
•Cause by change in intraabdominal pressure
•i.e. multiple deliveries, weak pelvic floor, obesity
Mixed UI:
•UI having both features of both Stress & Urge UI
•Functional UI:
•Unpredictable & involuntary loss of urine
, •Individual has an intact urinary & neurological system
•I,.e. patient's with cognitive deficits
•UI associated with Chronic Retention:
•Involuntary loss of urine - bladder does not completely empty
urinary retention
inability to empty the bladder
urinary diversion
surgical creation of an alternate route for excretion of urine
When changes are observed then testing of urine should be performed
Characteristics of urine:
•Color pale, straw colored
•Clarity clear
•Odor not strong
When might a health care provider suspect that a patient is experiencing urinary
retention?
The patient indicates pain in the suprapubic region.
B.The patient indicates spasms and difficulty during urination.
C.The patient voids small amounts of urine two to three times per hour.
D.The patient voids large amounts of foul-smelling, cloudy urine.
Culture test
Indicates presence of bacteria
sensitivity test
Correct Answers
Factors Influencing Elimination
Older Age
•Pathological Conditions
•Medications
•Fluid Balance
•Diagnostic Examinations
•Surgical Procedures
•Psychological Factors
•Sociocultural Factors
Factors Impacting Elimination: Older Individuals
Decreased ability to concentrate urine
•↓ Bladder muscle tone
•↓ Bladder contractility
•Neuromuscular; degenerative joint problems; weakness
•Male prostate size
Factors influencing elimination pathological conditions
oDisorders affecting CNS
oStrokes
oMultiple Sclerosis
,oParkinson's Disease
oDementia
oSpinal Cord Injury - above lumbar region
oAdvanced Dementia
oUrine Volume & Quality
oPre-renal; Renal; Post-renal
oNeurological Disorders affecting Peripheral Nerve Function:
oDiabetes
oMultiple Sclerosis
oConditions affecting mobility
oDegenerative Joint Disease - Arthritis
oParkinson's Dz
oliguria
scanty(small) urination (amount)
anuria
absence of urine
polyuria
excessive urination
nocturia
excessive urination at night
hematuria
,blood in the urine
dysuria
painful or difficult urination
enuresis
involuntary discharge of urine
urinary incontinence
inability to control urination
Transient Urinary Incontinence (UI):
•Urine loss associated with external causes i.e. hyperglycemia, Delirium, stool impaction,
drugs etc.
•Urgency UI:
•Urinary loss associated with sudden & urgent need to void
•Associated with Central nervous system disorders i.e. Stroke, Parkinson's Disease, Multiple
Sclerosis
•Stress UI:
•Sudden & involuntary loss of urine - small amounts
•Cause by change in intraabdominal pressure
•i.e. multiple deliveries, weak pelvic floor, obesity
Mixed UI:
•UI having both features of both Stress & Urge UI
•Functional UI:
•Unpredictable & involuntary loss of urine
, •Individual has an intact urinary & neurological system
•I,.e. patient's with cognitive deficits
•UI associated with Chronic Retention:
•Involuntary loss of urine - bladder does not completely empty
urinary retention
inability to empty the bladder
urinary diversion
surgical creation of an alternate route for excretion of urine
When changes are observed then testing of urine should be performed
Characteristics of urine:
•Color pale, straw colored
•Clarity clear
•Odor not strong
When might a health care provider suspect that a patient is experiencing urinary
retention?
The patient indicates pain in the suprapubic region.
B.The patient indicates spasms and difficulty during urination.
C.The patient voids small amounts of urine two to three times per hour.
D.The patient voids large amounts of foul-smelling, cloudy urine.
Culture test
Indicates presence of bacteria
sensitivity test
