NURSING 202 – COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE (FINAL EXAM) | NCLEX-STYLE PRACTICE QUESTIONS
& COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW 2026/2027
The History of Nursing Education - correct answer ✔✔- 100 years ago, most American nurses
received on-the-job training (little-to-no clinical supervision).
- Around 1950, introduction of BSN program
- Nursing shortage led to introduction of ADN program as a short-term solution.
- Around 1980, introduction of PhD program, followed by formation of National Institute of
Nursing Research (NINR)
Changing Image of Nursing - correct answer ✔✔Over time, nurses have had many images.
Ranging from the angel of mercy to the sexual stereotype sometimes portrayed in works of
fiction.
- In 2001, the Center for Nursing Advocacy was founded to address the nursing shortage. After
deciding to focus on improving the portrayal of nurses in the media, the Center began a series
of annual Golden Lamp awards for the best and worst depictions of nurses.
Redefining our Image - correct answer ✔✔Professor L.D. Andrews of Rogers State University
says that to create a new image for nursing, nurses must:
value nursing and project that image daily
take themselves seriously and dress the part
recognize the value of what they do
believe in themselves and their colleagues.
Linda Burnes Bolton, DrPH, RN, FAAN - correct answer ✔✔Demonstrated her ability to effect
change on a national level through her role as vice chair of Initiative on the Future of Nursing
Past president of the American Academy of Nursing and the National Black Nurses Association
,The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health (2010) - correct answer ✔✔The 2010
report The Future of Nursing called, by 2020, for Increasing the number of BSN-prepared nurses
to 80% Doubling the number of nurses with doctoral degrees.
Nurses should practice to the full extent of their education and training.
Nurses should achieve higher levels of education and training through an improved education
system that promotes seamless academic progression.
Nurses should be full partners, with physicians and other healthcare professionals, in
redesigning healthcare in the United States.
Effective workforce planning and policymaking require better data collection and information
infrastructure
The Future of Nursing 2020- 2030: Charting a Path to Achieve Health Equity - correct answer
✔✔Committee vision: create a culture of health, reduce health disparities, and improve the
health and well-being.
Examine:
Lessons from Future of Nursing Campaign for Action Current state of science and technology to
meet the anticipated health and social demands until 2030.
Future challenges in the profession as a result of the pandemic.
Emotional Intelligence - correct answer ✔✔The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and
use emotions.
Empathy - correct answer ✔✔The ability to understand and share the feelings of another.
art; science - correct answer ✔✔Nursing is an ___ and a _______.
Nursing Today - correct answer ✔✔•As a professional nurse you will learn to deliver care
artfully with compassion, caring, and respect for each patient's dignity and personhood.
,•As a science, nursing practice is based on a body of knowledge that is continually changing
with new discoveries and innovations.
•When you integrate the art and science of nursing into your practice, the quality of care you
provide to your patients is at a level of excellence that benefits patients and their families.
patient - correct answer ✔✔The _______ is the center of your practice.
What is nursing? - correct answer ✔✔Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of
health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the
diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families,
communities, and populations.
Nursing as a Profession - correct answer ✔✔•The patient is the center of your practice. Your
patient includes individuals, families, and/or communities. Patients have a wide variety of
health care needs, knowledge, experiences, vulnerabilities, and expectations, but this is what
makes nursing both challenging and rewarding. Making a difference in your patients' lives is
fulfilling. Nursing offers personal and professional rewards every day. For example, helping a
young mother learn parenting skills, assisting family caregivers with end-of-life care, offering
shoulders to cry to the grieving family.
•Nursing is not simple a collection of specific skills, and you are not simply a person trained to
perform specific tasks. Nursing is a profession. No one factor absolutely differentiates a job from
a profession, but the difference is important in terms of how you practice. To act professionally,
you will use your critical thinking skills to administer quality patient-centered care in a safe,
prudent, and knowledgeable manner. You are responsible and accountable to yourself, your
patients, and your peers.
•A variety of career opportunities are available in nursing, including clinical practice, education,
research, management, administration, and even entrepreneurship. As a student it is important
for you to understand the scope of professional nursing practice and how nursing influences the
lives of your patients, their families, and their communities.
•Use critical thinking skills
•Administer quality patient-centered care
, •Be responsible and accountable - correct answer ✔✔To act professionally you must:
you acquire and interpret scientific knowledge, integrate knowledge from clinical experiences,
and become a lifelong learner. - correct answer ✔✔Critical thinking applied with clinical
judgement helps:
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) Future of Nursing: Campaign for Action - correct
answer ✔✔•This program is a multifaceted campaign to transform health care through nursing,
and it is a response to the Institute of Medicine (IOM) publication on The Future of Nursing
(IOM, 2010).
•Together these initiatives prepare a professional workforce to meet health promotion, illness
prevention, and complex care needs of the population in a changing health care system.
Benner's Stages of Nursing Proficiency - correct answer ✔✔- Novice: beginning nursing student
or any nurse entering a situation in which there is no previous level of experience. For instance,
an experienced home health nurse chooses to practice in behavioral health. The learner learns
through a specific set of rules or procedures which are usually step wise and linear.
- Advanced beginner: the nurse who has had some level of experience with the situation. May
have experience in the field for a year or so
- Competent: A who has been in the same clinical position for 2 to 3 years. The nurse
understands the organization and specific care required by the type of patients. For example,
surgical oncology or orthopedic patients
- Proficient: A nurse with more than 2 to 3 years of experience in the same clinical position.
Focuses on managing care as opposed to managing and performing skills. Is able to assess an
entire situation and can readily transfer knowledge gained from multiple previous experiences
to a situation.
- Expert: A nurse with diverse experience who is intuitive of the existing or potential clinical
problem. This nurse is able to zero in on the problem and focus on multiple dimensions of the
situation. This nurse is skilled at identifying both patients centered problems and problems
related to the healthcare system or perhaps the needs of a Novice nurse.
Standard of Nursing Practice - correct answer ✔✔- Assessment
& COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW 2026/2027
The History of Nursing Education - correct answer ✔✔- 100 years ago, most American nurses
received on-the-job training (little-to-no clinical supervision).
- Around 1950, introduction of BSN program
- Nursing shortage led to introduction of ADN program as a short-term solution.
- Around 1980, introduction of PhD program, followed by formation of National Institute of
Nursing Research (NINR)
Changing Image of Nursing - correct answer ✔✔Over time, nurses have had many images.
Ranging from the angel of mercy to the sexual stereotype sometimes portrayed in works of
fiction.
- In 2001, the Center for Nursing Advocacy was founded to address the nursing shortage. After
deciding to focus on improving the portrayal of nurses in the media, the Center began a series
of annual Golden Lamp awards for the best and worst depictions of nurses.
Redefining our Image - correct answer ✔✔Professor L.D. Andrews of Rogers State University
says that to create a new image for nursing, nurses must:
value nursing and project that image daily
take themselves seriously and dress the part
recognize the value of what they do
believe in themselves and their colleagues.
Linda Burnes Bolton, DrPH, RN, FAAN - correct answer ✔✔Demonstrated her ability to effect
change on a national level through her role as vice chair of Initiative on the Future of Nursing
Past president of the American Academy of Nursing and the National Black Nurses Association
,The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health (2010) - correct answer ✔✔The 2010
report The Future of Nursing called, by 2020, for Increasing the number of BSN-prepared nurses
to 80% Doubling the number of nurses with doctoral degrees.
Nurses should practice to the full extent of their education and training.
Nurses should achieve higher levels of education and training through an improved education
system that promotes seamless academic progression.
Nurses should be full partners, with physicians and other healthcare professionals, in
redesigning healthcare in the United States.
Effective workforce planning and policymaking require better data collection and information
infrastructure
The Future of Nursing 2020- 2030: Charting a Path to Achieve Health Equity - correct answer
✔✔Committee vision: create a culture of health, reduce health disparities, and improve the
health and well-being.
Examine:
Lessons from Future of Nursing Campaign for Action Current state of science and technology to
meet the anticipated health and social demands until 2030.
Future challenges in the profession as a result of the pandemic.
Emotional Intelligence - correct answer ✔✔The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and
use emotions.
Empathy - correct answer ✔✔The ability to understand and share the feelings of another.
art; science - correct answer ✔✔Nursing is an ___ and a _______.
Nursing Today - correct answer ✔✔•As a professional nurse you will learn to deliver care
artfully with compassion, caring, and respect for each patient's dignity and personhood.
,•As a science, nursing practice is based on a body of knowledge that is continually changing
with new discoveries and innovations.
•When you integrate the art and science of nursing into your practice, the quality of care you
provide to your patients is at a level of excellence that benefits patients and their families.
patient - correct answer ✔✔The _______ is the center of your practice.
What is nursing? - correct answer ✔✔Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of
health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the
diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families,
communities, and populations.
Nursing as a Profession - correct answer ✔✔•The patient is the center of your practice. Your
patient includes individuals, families, and/or communities. Patients have a wide variety of
health care needs, knowledge, experiences, vulnerabilities, and expectations, but this is what
makes nursing both challenging and rewarding. Making a difference in your patients' lives is
fulfilling. Nursing offers personal and professional rewards every day. For example, helping a
young mother learn parenting skills, assisting family caregivers with end-of-life care, offering
shoulders to cry to the grieving family.
•Nursing is not simple a collection of specific skills, and you are not simply a person trained to
perform specific tasks. Nursing is a profession. No one factor absolutely differentiates a job from
a profession, but the difference is important in terms of how you practice. To act professionally,
you will use your critical thinking skills to administer quality patient-centered care in a safe,
prudent, and knowledgeable manner. You are responsible and accountable to yourself, your
patients, and your peers.
•A variety of career opportunities are available in nursing, including clinical practice, education,
research, management, administration, and even entrepreneurship. As a student it is important
for you to understand the scope of professional nursing practice and how nursing influences the
lives of your patients, their families, and their communities.
•Use critical thinking skills
•Administer quality patient-centered care
, •Be responsible and accountable - correct answer ✔✔To act professionally you must:
you acquire and interpret scientific knowledge, integrate knowledge from clinical experiences,
and become a lifelong learner. - correct answer ✔✔Critical thinking applied with clinical
judgement helps:
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) Future of Nursing: Campaign for Action - correct
answer ✔✔•This program is a multifaceted campaign to transform health care through nursing,
and it is a response to the Institute of Medicine (IOM) publication on The Future of Nursing
(IOM, 2010).
•Together these initiatives prepare a professional workforce to meet health promotion, illness
prevention, and complex care needs of the population in a changing health care system.
Benner's Stages of Nursing Proficiency - correct answer ✔✔- Novice: beginning nursing student
or any nurse entering a situation in which there is no previous level of experience. For instance,
an experienced home health nurse chooses to practice in behavioral health. The learner learns
through a specific set of rules or procedures which are usually step wise and linear.
- Advanced beginner: the nurse who has had some level of experience with the situation. May
have experience in the field for a year or so
- Competent: A who has been in the same clinical position for 2 to 3 years. The nurse
understands the organization and specific care required by the type of patients. For example,
surgical oncology or orthopedic patients
- Proficient: A nurse with more than 2 to 3 years of experience in the same clinical position.
Focuses on managing care as opposed to managing and performing skills. Is able to assess an
entire situation and can readily transfer knowledge gained from multiple previous experiences
to a situation.
- Expert: A nurse with diverse experience who is intuitive of the existing or potential clinical
problem. This nurse is able to zero in on the problem and focus on multiple dimensions of the
situation. This nurse is skilled at identifying both patients centered problems and problems
related to the healthcare system or perhaps the needs of a Novice nurse.
Standard of Nursing Practice - correct answer ✔✔- Assessment
