NURS EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
Theory that is based on a combination of research or aging and health and the author's
four decades of providing nursing care for older adults. It also draws on theories that
emphasize concepts related to wellness, health promotion, and holistic nursing -
answers - functional consequences theory
Are the observable effects of actions, risk factors, and age-related changes that
influence the quality of life or day-to-day activities of older adults - answers - functional
consequences
When they facilitate the highest level of performance and the least amount of
dependency; can result from automatic actions or purposeful interventions - answers -
positive functional consequence
When they interfere with a person's level of function or quality of life or increase a
person's dependency; typically occur because of a combination of age-related changes
and risk factors - answers - negative functional consequences
The inherent physiological processes that increase the vulnerability of older people to
the detrimental effects of risk factors; not limited to physiologic aspects but include
potential for increased cognitive, emotional, and spiritual development - answers - age-
related changes
The conditions that are likely to occur in older adults and have a significant detrimental
effect on their health and functioning; they are cumulative and progressive (smoking,
obesity) - answers - risk factors
Applies specifically to older adults, because the holistic approach of the theory views
each older adults as a complex and unique individual whose functioning and well-being
is influenced by many internal and external factors - answers - person theory
Draws on nursing theories, including those of long-established theorists - answers -
nursing theory
Ability of older adults to function at their highest capacity despite the presence of age-
related changes and risk factors - answers - health and wellness theory
A broad concept that includes all aspects of the setting in which the care is provided; for
dependent older adults, this also includes their caregivers - answers - environment
theory
The human body eventually stops working because of accumulated effects of what and
tear - answers - wear and tear theory
, Ionized oxygen molecules that are highly unstable because they have an extra electron.
They are waste products of metabolism and they can damage cells. Healthy bodies
have protective mechanisms that can remove and repair damaged cells; however these
mechanism become less effective with increased age and cellular damage becomes
cumulative - answers - free radical theory
Is an age-related decline of the immune system. Increases susceptibility of older people
to diseases. The immune system may even attack healthy cells - answers -
immunosenscence
They attempt to explain the interrelationship between older adults and the societies and
environments in which they live - answers - what is the aim of sociocultural theories of
aging
Older people remain socially and psychologically fit if they remain actively engaged in
life - answers - activity theory
Considers the interrelationships between personal competence and the environment -
answers - person-environment fit theory
What is the aim of psychological theories of aging - answers - they focus on the
psychological factors that affect health, longevity, and quality of life
What variable do psychological theories of aging address - answers - learning, memory,
emotions, intelligence, and motivation
Address old age within the context of the life cycle. A current focus of life-course
theories is on "human potential" stages - answers - life-course theories
Describes five specific stages through which a person progresses in accomplishing
behavior changes - answers - the stages of change model
Person is unaware of the problem, is in denial of the need for change, or is resistant to
change (stages of change) - answers - pre contemplation
Intention to change in the foreseeable future, based on some acknowledgement of the
negative consequences of current behaviors and positive consequences of different
behaviors (stages of change) - answers - contemplation
Some ambivalence about the unhealthy behavior but a stronger inclination to change to
healthier behaviors. Acknowledges the need for change, expresses serious intent to
adopt the healthier behaviors within the next month, and begins to identify strategies for
implementing them (stages of change) - answers - preparation
Theory that is based on a combination of research or aging and health and the author's
four decades of providing nursing care for older adults. It also draws on theories that
emphasize concepts related to wellness, health promotion, and holistic nursing -
answers - functional consequences theory
Are the observable effects of actions, risk factors, and age-related changes that
influence the quality of life or day-to-day activities of older adults - answers - functional
consequences
When they facilitate the highest level of performance and the least amount of
dependency; can result from automatic actions or purposeful interventions - answers -
positive functional consequence
When they interfere with a person's level of function or quality of life or increase a
person's dependency; typically occur because of a combination of age-related changes
and risk factors - answers - negative functional consequences
The inherent physiological processes that increase the vulnerability of older people to
the detrimental effects of risk factors; not limited to physiologic aspects but include
potential for increased cognitive, emotional, and spiritual development - answers - age-
related changes
The conditions that are likely to occur in older adults and have a significant detrimental
effect on their health and functioning; they are cumulative and progressive (smoking,
obesity) - answers - risk factors
Applies specifically to older adults, because the holistic approach of the theory views
each older adults as a complex and unique individual whose functioning and well-being
is influenced by many internal and external factors - answers - person theory
Draws on nursing theories, including those of long-established theorists - answers -
nursing theory
Ability of older adults to function at their highest capacity despite the presence of age-
related changes and risk factors - answers - health and wellness theory
A broad concept that includes all aspects of the setting in which the care is provided; for
dependent older adults, this also includes their caregivers - answers - environment
theory
The human body eventually stops working because of accumulated effects of what and
tear - answers - wear and tear theory
, Ionized oxygen molecules that are highly unstable because they have an extra electron.
They are waste products of metabolism and they can damage cells. Healthy bodies
have protective mechanisms that can remove and repair damaged cells; however these
mechanism become less effective with increased age and cellular damage becomes
cumulative - answers - free radical theory
Is an age-related decline of the immune system. Increases susceptibility of older people
to diseases. The immune system may even attack healthy cells - answers -
immunosenscence
They attempt to explain the interrelationship between older adults and the societies and
environments in which they live - answers - what is the aim of sociocultural theories of
aging
Older people remain socially and psychologically fit if they remain actively engaged in
life - answers - activity theory
Considers the interrelationships between personal competence and the environment -
answers - person-environment fit theory
What is the aim of psychological theories of aging - answers - they focus on the
psychological factors that affect health, longevity, and quality of life
What variable do psychological theories of aging address - answers - learning, memory,
emotions, intelligence, and motivation
Address old age within the context of the life cycle. A current focus of life-course
theories is on "human potential" stages - answers - life-course theories
Describes five specific stages through which a person progresses in accomplishing
behavior changes - answers - the stages of change model
Person is unaware of the problem, is in denial of the need for change, or is resistant to
change (stages of change) - answers - pre contemplation
Intention to change in the foreseeable future, based on some acknowledgement of the
negative consequences of current behaviors and positive consequences of different
behaviors (stages of change) - answers - contemplation
Some ambivalence about the unhealthy behavior but a stronger inclination to change to
healthier behaviors. Acknowledges the need for change, expresses serious intent to
adopt the healthier behaviors within the next month, and begins to identify strategies for
implementing them (stages of change) - answers - preparation
