POLICE LEADERSHIP AND ADMINISTRATION 350
MULTIPLECHOICE EXAMINATION QUESTIONS BASED
ON WALSH & VITO'S *POLICE LEADERSHIP AND
ADMINISTRATION: A 21STCENTURY STRATEGIC
APPROACH*
CHAPTER 1: THE EVOLUTION OF POLICE LEADERSHIP AND
ADMINISTRATION
1. The art and science of formulating and implementing strategies to
accomplish organizational goals and objectives is known as:
A) Organizational behavior
B) Strategic management
C) Operational planning
D) Tactical supervision
Correct Answer: B Strategic management. This definition distinguishes
strategic management from other management functions by emphasizing the
formulation and implementation of strategies specifically aimed at achieving
organizational goals.
2. The primary purpose of strategic management is to achieve an
organization's mission by matching its strengths and weaknesses with the
demands placed on it by its:
A) Budget
,B) Environment
C) Employees
D) Technology
Correct Answer: B Environment. Strategic management requires
organizations to align internal capabilities with external environmental
demands to fulfill their mission effectively.
3. In 1829, which city formulated the first true policing agency by passing the
Metropolitan Police Act?
A) New York City
B) Paris
C) London
D) Boston
Correct Answer: C London. The Metropolitan Police Act of 1829 established
the first modern police force in London, creating a model that would influence
policing worldwide.
4. Who is credited with the Metropolitan Police Act and providing
organizational vision and direction for the new police force?
A) Robert Peel
B) August Vollmer
C) O.W. Wilson
D) William Bratton
,Correct Answer: A Sir Robert Peel. Sir Robert Peel, as Home Secretary,
championed the Metropolitan Police Act and established the foundational
principles of modern policing.
5. Kelling and Moore analyzed the organizational development of American
professional policing by dividing it into three eras. What are they?
A) Colonial, Industrial, and Modern
B) Political, Reform, and Community Policing
C) Traditional, Progressive, and Contemporary
D) Municipal, State, and Federal
Correct Answer: B Political, Reform, and Community Policing. Kelling and
Moore's influential framework traces American policing through these three
distinct eras of organizational development.
6. The authors of this text believe a fourth era should be added to Kelling and
Moore's schema. They label it as the:
A) Homeland Security Era
B) Strategic Policing Era
C) IntelligenceLed Era
D) Digital Policing Era
Correct Answer: B The Strategic Policing Era. Walsh and Vito argue that
contemporary policing has entered a fourth era characterized by strategic
management principles.
7. Since the 1830s, the word "police" has come to mean:
A) The authority of the city
, B) Government of the city
C) The enforcement of laws
D) The protection of property
Correct Answer: A The authority of the city. The term "police" evolved from
its earlier meaning of "policy" or "government" to specifically denote the civil
authority responsible for maintaining order.
8. The first adaptation of strategic management in U.S. policing occurred in
New York City in 1994 when Police Commissioner William Bratton developed
which process?
A) SARA
B) COMPSTAT
C) POP
D) Broken Windows
Correct Answer: B COMPSTAT. Commissioner Bratton introduced COMPSTAT
(Computer Statistics) in 1994 as a strategic management tool to reduce crime
through datadriven accountability.
9. The emphasis on managerial control and decreased officer discretion
during the reform era led to what syndrome?
A) Professionalization
B) Deprofessionalization
C) Bureaucratization
D) Militarization
MULTIPLECHOICE EXAMINATION QUESTIONS BASED
ON WALSH & VITO'S *POLICE LEADERSHIP AND
ADMINISTRATION: A 21STCENTURY STRATEGIC
APPROACH*
CHAPTER 1: THE EVOLUTION OF POLICE LEADERSHIP AND
ADMINISTRATION
1. The art and science of formulating and implementing strategies to
accomplish organizational goals and objectives is known as:
A) Organizational behavior
B) Strategic management
C) Operational planning
D) Tactical supervision
Correct Answer: B Strategic management. This definition distinguishes
strategic management from other management functions by emphasizing the
formulation and implementation of strategies specifically aimed at achieving
organizational goals.
2. The primary purpose of strategic management is to achieve an
organization's mission by matching its strengths and weaknesses with the
demands placed on it by its:
A) Budget
,B) Environment
C) Employees
D) Technology
Correct Answer: B Environment. Strategic management requires
organizations to align internal capabilities with external environmental
demands to fulfill their mission effectively.
3. In 1829, which city formulated the first true policing agency by passing the
Metropolitan Police Act?
A) New York City
B) Paris
C) London
D) Boston
Correct Answer: C London. The Metropolitan Police Act of 1829 established
the first modern police force in London, creating a model that would influence
policing worldwide.
4. Who is credited with the Metropolitan Police Act and providing
organizational vision and direction for the new police force?
A) Robert Peel
B) August Vollmer
C) O.W. Wilson
D) William Bratton
,Correct Answer: A Sir Robert Peel. Sir Robert Peel, as Home Secretary,
championed the Metropolitan Police Act and established the foundational
principles of modern policing.
5. Kelling and Moore analyzed the organizational development of American
professional policing by dividing it into three eras. What are they?
A) Colonial, Industrial, and Modern
B) Political, Reform, and Community Policing
C) Traditional, Progressive, and Contemporary
D) Municipal, State, and Federal
Correct Answer: B Political, Reform, and Community Policing. Kelling and
Moore's influential framework traces American policing through these three
distinct eras of organizational development.
6. The authors of this text believe a fourth era should be added to Kelling and
Moore's schema. They label it as the:
A) Homeland Security Era
B) Strategic Policing Era
C) IntelligenceLed Era
D) Digital Policing Era
Correct Answer: B The Strategic Policing Era. Walsh and Vito argue that
contemporary policing has entered a fourth era characterized by strategic
management principles.
7. Since the 1830s, the word "police" has come to mean:
A) The authority of the city
, B) Government of the city
C) The enforcement of laws
D) The protection of property
Correct Answer: A The authority of the city. The term "police" evolved from
its earlier meaning of "policy" or "government" to specifically denote the civil
authority responsible for maintaining order.
8. The first adaptation of strategic management in U.S. policing occurred in
New York City in 1994 when Police Commissioner William Bratton developed
which process?
A) SARA
B) COMPSTAT
C) POP
D) Broken Windows
Correct Answer: B COMPSTAT. Commissioner Bratton introduced COMPSTAT
(Computer Statistics) in 1994 as a strategic management tool to reduce crime
through datadriven accountability.
9. The emphasis on managerial control and decreased officer discretion
during the reform era led to what syndrome?
A) Professionalization
B) Deprofessionalization
C) Bureaucratization
D) Militarization
