Anat 100 Exam 1 Questions with Correct
Answers
Anatomy
The study of structure; derived from Greek "to cut apart." Focuses on position, relations,
structure, and function.
Four areas of anatomy
Histology (microscopic), Gross anatomy (macroscopic), Neuroanatomy, Embryology
Unity of form and function
Proper structure enables proper function; disruption of form can cause dysfunction.
Levels of organization in the human body
Chemical → Cellular → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organism
Two main body divisions
Axial (head, neck, trunk, midline) and Appendicular (limbs, away from midline).
Ten major organ systems
Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Digestive, Respiratory,
Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, Urinary, Reproductive.
Anatomical position
Standing upright, feet parallel, head level forward, arms at side, palms forward, thumbs out.
Superior vs inferior
Superior = above/over; Inferior = below/under.
Anterior vs posterior
, Anterior (ventral) = front; Posterior (dorsal) = back.
Medial vs lateral
Medial = toward midline; Lateral = away from midline.
Proximal vs distal
Proximal = closer to origin; Distal = farther from origin.
Superficial vs deep
Superficial = closer to surface; Deep = farther from surface.
Parietal vs visceral
Parietal = body walls; Visceral = outer surfaces of organs.
Body planes
Sagittal (L/R), Coronal (front/back), Horizontal (top/bottom), Oblique (angled), Longitudinal
(vertical, sagittal/coronal).
Four abdominal quadrants
Upper Left (UL), Upper Right (UR), Lower Left (LL), Lower Right (LR).
Types of epithelium
Covering (lines/cover surfaces) and Glandular (secretes products).
Main characteristics of epithelial tissue
Cellularity (junctions), Polarity (apical/basal), Attachment (basement membrane),
Avascularity (no blood supply), Regeneration (renewed continuously).
Functions of epithelium
Answers
Anatomy
The study of structure; derived from Greek "to cut apart." Focuses on position, relations,
structure, and function.
Four areas of anatomy
Histology (microscopic), Gross anatomy (macroscopic), Neuroanatomy, Embryology
Unity of form and function
Proper structure enables proper function; disruption of form can cause dysfunction.
Levels of organization in the human body
Chemical → Cellular → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organism
Two main body divisions
Axial (head, neck, trunk, midline) and Appendicular (limbs, away from midline).
Ten major organ systems
Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Digestive, Respiratory,
Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, Urinary, Reproductive.
Anatomical position
Standing upright, feet parallel, head level forward, arms at side, palms forward, thumbs out.
Superior vs inferior
Superior = above/over; Inferior = below/under.
Anterior vs posterior
, Anterior (ventral) = front; Posterior (dorsal) = back.
Medial vs lateral
Medial = toward midline; Lateral = away from midline.
Proximal vs distal
Proximal = closer to origin; Distal = farther from origin.
Superficial vs deep
Superficial = closer to surface; Deep = farther from surface.
Parietal vs visceral
Parietal = body walls; Visceral = outer surfaces of organs.
Body planes
Sagittal (L/R), Coronal (front/back), Horizontal (top/bottom), Oblique (angled), Longitudinal
(vertical, sagittal/coronal).
Four abdominal quadrants
Upper Left (UL), Upper Right (UR), Lower Left (LL), Lower Right (LR).
Types of epithelium
Covering (lines/cover surfaces) and Glandular (secretes products).
Main characteristics of epithelial tissue
Cellularity (junctions), Polarity (apical/basal), Attachment (basement membrane),
Avascularity (no blood supply), Regeneration (renewed continuously).
Functions of epithelium
