UTA CP2 NURS 5338 Exam 3 NCLEX-
style Questions and detailed rationales
Top Rated Latest Version
• Adult and Geriatric Primary Care
• Cardiovascular Disorders
• Pulmonary Disorders
• Endocrine Disorders
• Gastrointestinal Disorders
• Renal & Genitourinary Disorders
• Musculoskeletal Disorders
• Dermatology
• Infectious Diseases
• Health Promotion & Evidence-Based Practice
• Diagnostic Interpretation
• Pharmacologic Management
• Clinical Decision-Making for the FNP
Question 1
A 62-year-old man with hypertension and hyperlipidemia reports chest discomfort that occurs
while walking uphill and resolves with rest after several minutes. Which diagnosis is MOST
likely?
A. Acute myocardial infarction
B. Stable angina
C. Costochondritis
D. Pulmonary embolism
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Stable angina is characterized by predictable chest discomfort triggered by exertion or emotional
stress and relieved by rest or nitroglycerin. Acute myocardial infarction pain is usually more
prolonged and not relieved by rest.
,Question 2
A 58-year-old patient has a blood pressure of 152/94 mmHg on three separate office visits.
According to current hypertension guidelines, the patient has:
A. Elevated blood pressure
B. Stage 1 hypertension
C. Stage 2 hypertension
D. Hypertensive crisis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Stage 2 hypertension is defined as:
• Systolic ≥140 mmHg OR
• Diastolic ≥90 mmHg
This patient consistently meets Stage 2 criteria.
Question 3
Which laboratory value is MOST useful for monitoring long-term glycemic control in patients
with diabetes mellitus?
A. Random glucose
B. Fasting insulin
C. Hemoglobin A1C
D. Urine glucose
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Hemoglobin A1C reflects average blood glucose over approximately 2–3 months and is the
standard for long-term diabetes monitoring.
,Question 4
Which medication is considered first-line therapy for most adults newly diagnosed with type 2
diabetes who have no contraindications?
A. Glyburide
B. Metformin
C. Pioglitazone
D. Sitagliptin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Metformin improves insulin sensitivity, has favorable cardiovascular data, and generally does
not cause weight gain. It is first-line unless contraindicated (e.g., significant renal impairment).
Question 5
A patient presents with fever, productive cough, crackles, and a focal infiltrate on chest X-ray.
Which diagnosis is MOST likely?
A. Asthma
B. Community-acquired pneumonia
C. COPD exacerbation
D. Pulmonary fibrosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
The combination of fever, productive cough, focal crackles, and infiltrate on chest imaging is
classic for community-acquired pneumonia.
, Question 6
A patient with COPD has worsening dyspnea and increased sputum production. Which
medication should be administered first during an acute exacerbation?
A. Long-acting beta agonist only
B. Short-acting bronchodilator
C. Leukotriene inhibitor
D. Oral antihistamine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Short-acting bronchodilators (e.g., albuterol) provide rapid relief of bronchospasm during COPD
exacerbations.
Question 7
Which physical examination finding is MOST consistent with heart failure?
A. Hyperactive bowel sounds
B. Bilateral pitting edema and jugular venous distention
C. Enlarged thyroid gland
D. Abdominal rigidity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Peripheral edema, jugular venous distention, pulmonary crackles, and dyspnea are common
findings in heart failure due to fluid overload.
Question 8
style Questions and detailed rationales
Top Rated Latest Version
• Adult and Geriatric Primary Care
• Cardiovascular Disorders
• Pulmonary Disorders
• Endocrine Disorders
• Gastrointestinal Disorders
• Renal & Genitourinary Disorders
• Musculoskeletal Disorders
• Dermatology
• Infectious Diseases
• Health Promotion & Evidence-Based Practice
• Diagnostic Interpretation
• Pharmacologic Management
• Clinical Decision-Making for the FNP
Question 1
A 62-year-old man with hypertension and hyperlipidemia reports chest discomfort that occurs
while walking uphill and resolves with rest after several minutes. Which diagnosis is MOST
likely?
A. Acute myocardial infarction
B. Stable angina
C. Costochondritis
D. Pulmonary embolism
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Stable angina is characterized by predictable chest discomfort triggered by exertion or emotional
stress and relieved by rest or nitroglycerin. Acute myocardial infarction pain is usually more
prolonged and not relieved by rest.
,Question 2
A 58-year-old patient has a blood pressure of 152/94 mmHg on three separate office visits.
According to current hypertension guidelines, the patient has:
A. Elevated blood pressure
B. Stage 1 hypertension
C. Stage 2 hypertension
D. Hypertensive crisis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Stage 2 hypertension is defined as:
• Systolic ≥140 mmHg OR
• Diastolic ≥90 mmHg
This patient consistently meets Stage 2 criteria.
Question 3
Which laboratory value is MOST useful for monitoring long-term glycemic control in patients
with diabetes mellitus?
A. Random glucose
B. Fasting insulin
C. Hemoglobin A1C
D. Urine glucose
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Hemoglobin A1C reflects average blood glucose over approximately 2–3 months and is the
standard for long-term diabetes monitoring.
,Question 4
Which medication is considered first-line therapy for most adults newly diagnosed with type 2
diabetes who have no contraindications?
A. Glyburide
B. Metformin
C. Pioglitazone
D. Sitagliptin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Metformin improves insulin sensitivity, has favorable cardiovascular data, and generally does
not cause weight gain. It is first-line unless contraindicated (e.g., significant renal impairment).
Question 5
A patient presents with fever, productive cough, crackles, and a focal infiltrate on chest X-ray.
Which diagnosis is MOST likely?
A. Asthma
B. Community-acquired pneumonia
C. COPD exacerbation
D. Pulmonary fibrosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
The combination of fever, productive cough, focal crackles, and infiltrate on chest imaging is
classic for community-acquired pneumonia.
, Question 6
A patient with COPD has worsening dyspnea and increased sputum production. Which
medication should be administered first during an acute exacerbation?
A. Long-acting beta agonist only
B. Short-acting bronchodilator
C. Leukotriene inhibitor
D. Oral antihistamine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Short-acting bronchodilators (e.g., albuterol) provide rapid relief of bronchospasm during COPD
exacerbations.
Question 7
Which physical examination finding is MOST consistent with heart failure?
A. Hyperactive bowel sounds
B. Bilateral pitting edema and jugular venous distention
C. Enlarged thyroid gland
D. Abdominal rigidity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Peripheral edema, jugular venous distention, pulmonary crackles, and dyspnea are common
findings in heart failure due to fluid overload.
Question 8
