NSG 6691 Final Exam With Complete Solutions
Latest Update 2026/2027 | Graded A+.
Know critical appraisal elements of qualitative research reports. -
ANSWERCritical appraisal of qualitative studies focuses on how the
integrity of the design and methods will affect the credibility and
meaningfulness of the findings and their usefulness in clinical practice
Qualitative research critical appraisal process consists of identifying the
components of the qualitative research process in studies, determining
study strengths and weaknesses, and evaluating the trustworthiness and
meaning of study findings
Know steps of evidence-based practice. - ANSWER-a. Ask a clinical
question b. Collect the most relevant evidence c. Clinically appraise
the evidence
d. Integrate all the evidence with one's clinical expertise, patient
preferences, and values in making a practice decision
e. Evaluate the practice decision or change
f. Share the outcome of EBP changes with others
Control event rate CER - - ANSWER-proportion of patients in a control
group in which an event is observed
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Odds ratio OR- - ANSWER-an estimate of relative risk used in logistic
regression as a measure of association; describes the probability of an
,event. Calculated by dividing the odds in the treatment or exposed group
by the odds in the control group. If OR =1, there is no difference. If OR
is less than 1, the event is less likely in the treatment group than the
control group. If greater than 1, the event is more likely to occur in the
treatment group than in the control group. Disease is absent with that
when it is present. (1-sensitivity)/specificity
Know how to interpret measures of accuracy or outcome results
(sensitivity, specificity, predictive value, likelihood ratio, odds ratio)
Sensitivity - ANSWER-- ability of the test to detect the proportion of
people with the disease or disorder of interest. TP/(TP+FN), where TP
and FN are number of true positive and false negative results
Specificity - - ANSWER-ability of the test to detect the proportion of
people without the disease or disorder. TN/(TN+FP), where TN and FP
are number of true-negative and false-positive results
Know measures of association and how to calculate and interpret EBP
study results (EER, CER, OR, RR, APR, RRR, ABI, RBI)
Experimental event rate EER - ANSWER-proportion of patients in
experimental treatment groups in which an event is observed
Absolute risk reduction ARR - ANSWER-- a value that gives reduction
of risk in absolute terms. Considered the real reduction because it is the
difference between the risk observed in those who did not experience the
event. Arithmetic difference in risk of outcome between patients who
have had the event and those who have not had the event calculated as
EER-CER
, Predictive value - - ANSWER-consider how well the test performs in
populations with difference prevalence of the disease it is testing
Positive likelihood ratio - ANSWER-- how well a positive test result
does by comparing it performance when the disease is present with that
when it is absent. Sensitivity/ (1-specificity)
Relative risk RR- - ANSWER-risk of event after experimental treatment
as a percentage of original risk. Probability of an event in the treatment
group divided by the probability of the event in the control group
(greater the 50% definitely clinically significant, between 25-50%
probably clinically significant) RR= EER/CER
Positive predictive value - ANSWER-- proportion of people with s
positive test who have the target disorder. PPV=TP/(TP+FP)
Relative risk reduction - ANSWER-RRR - (1-RR). If RRR is 0, then
active treatment is neither of benefit nor harm estimate of the percentage
of baseline risk that is removed as a result of the therapy. Percent
reduction in risk that is removed after considering the percent of risk
that would occur anyway (the control group's risk). Calculated as
(EERCER)/CER
Latest Update 2026/2027 | Graded A+.
Know critical appraisal elements of qualitative research reports. -
ANSWERCritical appraisal of qualitative studies focuses on how the
integrity of the design and methods will affect the credibility and
meaningfulness of the findings and their usefulness in clinical practice
Qualitative research critical appraisal process consists of identifying the
components of the qualitative research process in studies, determining
study strengths and weaknesses, and evaluating the trustworthiness and
meaning of study findings
Know steps of evidence-based practice. - ANSWER-a. Ask a clinical
question b. Collect the most relevant evidence c. Clinically appraise
the evidence
d. Integrate all the evidence with one's clinical expertise, patient
preferences, and values in making a practice decision
e. Evaluate the practice decision or change
f. Share the outcome of EBP changes with others
Control event rate CER - - ANSWER-proportion of patients in a control
group in which an event is observed
,Thank you for Purchasing this exam
Study Guide. We provide high-quality
academic materials to help students excel
in exams. Our other Services include but
not limited to: academic research,
University & College assignments writing,
essay writing, Online Classes, and
research projects. Our services are
reliable, affordable, and plagiarism-free.
All the Best in your Exam. For more
information; Contact us at:
or
0R +254
741484450
Odds ratio OR- - ANSWER-an estimate of relative risk used in logistic
regression as a measure of association; describes the probability of an
,event. Calculated by dividing the odds in the treatment or exposed group
by the odds in the control group. If OR =1, there is no difference. If OR
is less than 1, the event is less likely in the treatment group than the
control group. If greater than 1, the event is more likely to occur in the
treatment group than in the control group. Disease is absent with that
when it is present. (1-sensitivity)/specificity
Know how to interpret measures of accuracy or outcome results
(sensitivity, specificity, predictive value, likelihood ratio, odds ratio)
Sensitivity - ANSWER-- ability of the test to detect the proportion of
people with the disease or disorder of interest. TP/(TP+FN), where TP
and FN are number of true positive and false negative results
Specificity - - ANSWER-ability of the test to detect the proportion of
people without the disease or disorder. TN/(TN+FP), where TN and FP
are number of true-negative and false-positive results
Know measures of association and how to calculate and interpret EBP
study results (EER, CER, OR, RR, APR, RRR, ABI, RBI)
Experimental event rate EER - ANSWER-proportion of patients in
experimental treatment groups in which an event is observed
Absolute risk reduction ARR - ANSWER-- a value that gives reduction
of risk in absolute terms. Considered the real reduction because it is the
difference between the risk observed in those who did not experience the
event. Arithmetic difference in risk of outcome between patients who
have had the event and those who have not had the event calculated as
EER-CER
, Predictive value - - ANSWER-consider how well the test performs in
populations with difference prevalence of the disease it is testing
Positive likelihood ratio - ANSWER-- how well a positive test result
does by comparing it performance when the disease is present with that
when it is absent. Sensitivity/ (1-specificity)
Relative risk RR- - ANSWER-risk of event after experimental treatment
as a percentage of original risk. Probability of an event in the treatment
group divided by the probability of the event in the control group
(greater the 50% definitely clinically significant, between 25-50%
probably clinically significant) RR= EER/CER
Positive predictive value - ANSWER-- proportion of people with s
positive test who have the target disorder. PPV=TP/(TP+FP)
Relative risk reduction - ANSWER-RRR - (1-RR). If RRR is 0, then
active treatment is neither of benefit nor harm estimate of the percentage
of baseline risk that is removed as a result of the therapy. Percent
reduction in risk that is removed after considering the percent of risk
that would occur anyway (the control group's risk). Calculated as
(EERCER)/CER
