HUN 201 JERSEY COLLEGE Midterms HBHD chp
8,9,13,1415, EXAM 2025/2026 Exam – Verified
Questions and Answers for an A Grade
What are the three major types of blood vessels? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Arteries, veins, and capillaries.
What is the primary function of arteries? - CORRECT ANSWERS
To carry blood away from the heart and toward capillaries.
What is the primary function of veins? - CORRECT ANSWERS
To carry blood toward the heart and away from capillaries.
What is the role of capillaries in the circulatory system? - CORRECT ANSWERS
To serve as exchange vessels for nutrients, wastes, and fluids.
What are the three layers of blood vessels? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa.
What is the tunica intima? - CORRECT ANSWERS The
inner layer of endothelial cells in blood vessels.
What is the tunica media? - CORRECT ANSWERS The
middle layer of smooth muscle and elastic tissue, important in blood pressure regulation.
What is the tunica externa? - CORRECT ANSWERS The
outer layer of fibrous connective tissue in blood vessels.
,What is arteriosclerosis? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Hardening of arteries caused by calcification of fatty deposits on arterial walls.
What is atherosclerosis? - CORRECT ANSWERS A
condition where lipids and other matter block arteries.
What is an aneurysm? - CORRECT ANSWERS An
abnormal widening of an arterial wall that can lead to thrombi formation.
What are varicose veins? - CORRECT ANSWERS Enlarged
veins in which blood pools, often seen in the legs.
What is the path of blood in systemic circulation? - CORRECT ANSWERS
From the left ventricle through the aorta, smaller arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, venae cavae,
to the right atrium.
What is the function of pulmonary circulation? - CORRECT ANSWERS
To carry blood to and from the lungs for gas exchange.
What is the hepatic portal circulation? - CORRECT ANSWERS
A unique blood route through the liver that assists with homeostasis of blood glucose levels.
What modifications occur in fetal circulation? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Fetal blood vessels must adapt to secure oxygen and nutrients from maternal blood.
What is hemodynamics? - CORRECT ANSWERS The
study of blood flow and the forces involved in circulation.
What is hypertension? - CORRECT ANSWERS A condition
where blood pressure exceeds 140/90 mm Hg.
,What are the major types of circulatory shock? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Cardiogenic, hypovolemic, neurogenic, anaphylactic, and septic shock.
What causes cardiogenic shock? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Heart failure leading to inadequate blood flow.
What is the effect of blood volume on blood pressure? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Larger blood volume increases pressure on vessel walls.
What is the role of the vasomotor mechanism? - CORRECT ANSWERS
It regulates blood vessel contraction and relaxation, affecting blood flow resistance.
What happens if the foramen ovale fails to close at birth? - CORRECT ANSWERS
It can lead to a ventricular septal defect (VSD) and cyanosis.
What is thrombophlebitis? - CORRECT ANSWERS Vein
inflammation accompanied by clot formation, which can lead to pulmonary embolism.
What is the definition of pulse? - CORRECT ANSWERS
The alternate expansion and recoil of the blood vessel wall.
What are the risk factors for hypertension? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Genetics, age, stress, obesity, and more.
What is the significance of the blood pressure gradient? - CORRECT ANSWERS
It causes blood to circulate from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure.
, Where is the heart located in the body? - CORRECT ANSWERS
In the mediastinum, with two-thirds of its mass to the left of the midline and one-third to the right.
What is the shape and size of the heart? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Triangular and approximately the size of a closed fist.
What are the two upper chambers of the heart called? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Atria (right atrium and left atrium).
What are the two lower chambers of the heart called? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Ventricles (right ventricle and left ventricle).
What is the myocardium? - CORRECT ANSWERS The
cardiac muscle tissue that makes up the walls of each heart chamber.
What is endocarditis? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Inflammation of the endocardium, which can lead to rough and abrasive surfaces causing thrombus
formation.
What are the two layers of the pericardium? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Visceral pericardium (epicardium) and parietal pericardium.
What is pericarditis? - CORRECT ANSWERS Inflammation
of the pericardium.
What is cardiac tamponade? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Compression of the heart caused by fluid accumulation between the visceral and parietal pericardium.
What is systole? - CORRECT ANSWERS The contraction
phase of the heart.
8,9,13,1415, EXAM 2025/2026 Exam – Verified
Questions and Answers for an A Grade
What are the three major types of blood vessels? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Arteries, veins, and capillaries.
What is the primary function of arteries? - CORRECT ANSWERS
To carry blood away from the heart and toward capillaries.
What is the primary function of veins? - CORRECT ANSWERS
To carry blood toward the heart and away from capillaries.
What is the role of capillaries in the circulatory system? - CORRECT ANSWERS
To serve as exchange vessels for nutrients, wastes, and fluids.
What are the three layers of blood vessels? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa.
What is the tunica intima? - CORRECT ANSWERS The
inner layer of endothelial cells in blood vessels.
What is the tunica media? - CORRECT ANSWERS The
middle layer of smooth muscle and elastic tissue, important in blood pressure regulation.
What is the tunica externa? - CORRECT ANSWERS The
outer layer of fibrous connective tissue in blood vessels.
,What is arteriosclerosis? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Hardening of arteries caused by calcification of fatty deposits on arterial walls.
What is atherosclerosis? - CORRECT ANSWERS A
condition where lipids and other matter block arteries.
What is an aneurysm? - CORRECT ANSWERS An
abnormal widening of an arterial wall that can lead to thrombi formation.
What are varicose veins? - CORRECT ANSWERS Enlarged
veins in which blood pools, often seen in the legs.
What is the path of blood in systemic circulation? - CORRECT ANSWERS
From the left ventricle through the aorta, smaller arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, venae cavae,
to the right atrium.
What is the function of pulmonary circulation? - CORRECT ANSWERS
To carry blood to and from the lungs for gas exchange.
What is the hepatic portal circulation? - CORRECT ANSWERS
A unique blood route through the liver that assists with homeostasis of blood glucose levels.
What modifications occur in fetal circulation? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Fetal blood vessels must adapt to secure oxygen and nutrients from maternal blood.
What is hemodynamics? - CORRECT ANSWERS The
study of blood flow and the forces involved in circulation.
What is hypertension? - CORRECT ANSWERS A condition
where blood pressure exceeds 140/90 mm Hg.
,What are the major types of circulatory shock? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Cardiogenic, hypovolemic, neurogenic, anaphylactic, and septic shock.
What causes cardiogenic shock? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Heart failure leading to inadequate blood flow.
What is the effect of blood volume on blood pressure? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Larger blood volume increases pressure on vessel walls.
What is the role of the vasomotor mechanism? - CORRECT ANSWERS
It regulates blood vessel contraction and relaxation, affecting blood flow resistance.
What happens if the foramen ovale fails to close at birth? - CORRECT ANSWERS
It can lead to a ventricular septal defect (VSD) and cyanosis.
What is thrombophlebitis? - CORRECT ANSWERS Vein
inflammation accompanied by clot formation, which can lead to pulmonary embolism.
What is the definition of pulse? - CORRECT ANSWERS
The alternate expansion and recoil of the blood vessel wall.
What are the risk factors for hypertension? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Genetics, age, stress, obesity, and more.
What is the significance of the blood pressure gradient? - CORRECT ANSWERS
It causes blood to circulate from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure.
, Where is the heart located in the body? - CORRECT ANSWERS
In the mediastinum, with two-thirds of its mass to the left of the midline and one-third to the right.
What is the shape and size of the heart? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Triangular and approximately the size of a closed fist.
What are the two upper chambers of the heart called? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Atria (right atrium and left atrium).
What are the two lower chambers of the heart called? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Ventricles (right ventricle and left ventricle).
What is the myocardium? - CORRECT ANSWERS The
cardiac muscle tissue that makes up the walls of each heart chamber.
What is endocarditis? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Inflammation of the endocardium, which can lead to rough and abrasive surfaces causing thrombus
formation.
What are the two layers of the pericardium? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Visceral pericardium (epicardium) and parietal pericardium.
What is pericarditis? - CORRECT ANSWERS Inflammation
of the pericardium.
What is cardiac tamponade? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Compression of the heart caused by fluid accumulation between the visceral and parietal pericardium.
What is systole? - CORRECT ANSWERS The contraction
phase of the heart.
