MODERATE SEDATION ACTUAL 2026 EXAMS QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔Atropine - ✔✔-Increases HR by blocking vagal nerve stimulation
-IV bolus 0.4-1.0 mg
✔✔Lidocaine - ✔✔-Decreases automaticity; drug of choice for ventricular dysrhythmias
-IV bolus 50-100mg
✔✔Ephedrine - ✔✔-Increases BP and HR by indirect cardiac stimulation
-IV bolus 5-10mg
✔✔Succinylcholine - ✔✔-IV bolus for tracheal intubation is 0.6mg/kg
-Peak effect in 1 minutes
-Lasts 2 minutes
✔✔Anti-emetics - ✔✔-Droperidol
-Prochlorperazine (Compazine)
-Promethazine (Phenergan)
-Ondansetron Hydrochloride (Zofran)
✔✔Droperidol - ✔✔-Considered a sedative
-Reduces nausea and vomiting by action on the CTZ
-Frequently used in tx of ambulatory patients
✔✔Droperidol Dose - ✔✔-0.625 to 1.25mg IV
-Onset 3 to 10 minutes
-Peaks in 30 minutes
-Lasts 2 to 4 hours
✔✔Droperidol Adverse Reactions - ✔✔-Mild to moderate hypotension
-Drowsiness and prolonged recovery when given in larger doses
✔✔Prochlorperazine (Compazine) Dose and Administration - ✔✔-5 to 10 mg IV or deep
IM
-Always begin with lowest recommended dose
-5mg/minute IV
-Max 10mg IV
✔✔Prochlorperazine (Compazine) Adverse Reactions - ✔✔-Drowsiness (considered a
sedative)
-Dizziness
✔✔Promethazine (Phenergan) Dose and Administration - ✔✔-12.5 to 25 mg IV
-25 to 50 mg IM
, -Onset 20 minutes
-Peaks in 4 to 6 hours
-Lasts up to 12h
✔✔Promethazine (Phenergan) Adverse Reactions - ✔✔-Drowsiness (Considered a
sedative)
-Dry mouth
✔✔Ondansetron Hydrochloride (Zofran) Dose and Administration - ✔✔-4mg IV over 2 to
5 minutes
-Onset is 20 minutes
-Peak action in 3.5 hours
-Lasts up to 8 hours
-Minimal side effects
✔✔Adverse events of Conscious Sedation may involve - ✔✔-Multiple drugs
-Drug errors
-Inadequate evaluation
-Inadequate monitoring
-Inadequate practitioner skills
-Lack of vigilance
-Premature discharge
✔✔Causes of Respiratory Depression - ✔✔-Airway obstruction
-Apnea
-Central effects of medications
✔✔Airway Obstruction: Complete Obstruction - ✔✔-Silent, exaggerated attempts at
inspiration
-If not corrected = respiratory and cardiac arrest and death
✔✔Airway Obstruction: Evidence of poor air movement or partial obstruction - ✔✔-
Increasing ventilatory effort
-Sternal retractions
-Inspiratory Stridor, snoring, gasping breath sounds
-Faint/absent breath sounds
-Accessory respiratory muscle use is evidence of increased respiratory effort
-Rocking chest motion...chest falls, abdomen rises on inspiration
-Cyanosis is a late, ominous sign
-Decreased tidal volume (the amount of air inspired during normal, relaxed breathing)
✔✔Upper Airway Obstruction: Corrective Actions - ✔✔-Verbally and physically stimulate
patient
-Reposition head; Chin lift; jaw thrust
-Nasal or oral airway
AND ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔Atropine - ✔✔-Increases HR by blocking vagal nerve stimulation
-IV bolus 0.4-1.0 mg
✔✔Lidocaine - ✔✔-Decreases automaticity; drug of choice for ventricular dysrhythmias
-IV bolus 50-100mg
✔✔Ephedrine - ✔✔-Increases BP and HR by indirect cardiac stimulation
-IV bolus 5-10mg
✔✔Succinylcholine - ✔✔-IV bolus for tracheal intubation is 0.6mg/kg
-Peak effect in 1 minutes
-Lasts 2 minutes
✔✔Anti-emetics - ✔✔-Droperidol
-Prochlorperazine (Compazine)
-Promethazine (Phenergan)
-Ondansetron Hydrochloride (Zofran)
✔✔Droperidol - ✔✔-Considered a sedative
-Reduces nausea and vomiting by action on the CTZ
-Frequently used in tx of ambulatory patients
✔✔Droperidol Dose - ✔✔-0.625 to 1.25mg IV
-Onset 3 to 10 minutes
-Peaks in 30 minutes
-Lasts 2 to 4 hours
✔✔Droperidol Adverse Reactions - ✔✔-Mild to moderate hypotension
-Drowsiness and prolonged recovery when given in larger doses
✔✔Prochlorperazine (Compazine) Dose and Administration - ✔✔-5 to 10 mg IV or deep
IM
-Always begin with lowest recommended dose
-5mg/minute IV
-Max 10mg IV
✔✔Prochlorperazine (Compazine) Adverse Reactions - ✔✔-Drowsiness (considered a
sedative)
-Dizziness
✔✔Promethazine (Phenergan) Dose and Administration - ✔✔-12.5 to 25 mg IV
-25 to 50 mg IM
, -Onset 20 minutes
-Peaks in 4 to 6 hours
-Lasts up to 12h
✔✔Promethazine (Phenergan) Adverse Reactions - ✔✔-Drowsiness (Considered a
sedative)
-Dry mouth
✔✔Ondansetron Hydrochloride (Zofran) Dose and Administration - ✔✔-4mg IV over 2 to
5 minutes
-Onset is 20 minutes
-Peak action in 3.5 hours
-Lasts up to 8 hours
-Minimal side effects
✔✔Adverse events of Conscious Sedation may involve - ✔✔-Multiple drugs
-Drug errors
-Inadequate evaluation
-Inadequate monitoring
-Inadequate practitioner skills
-Lack of vigilance
-Premature discharge
✔✔Causes of Respiratory Depression - ✔✔-Airway obstruction
-Apnea
-Central effects of medications
✔✔Airway Obstruction: Complete Obstruction - ✔✔-Silent, exaggerated attempts at
inspiration
-If not corrected = respiratory and cardiac arrest and death
✔✔Airway Obstruction: Evidence of poor air movement or partial obstruction - ✔✔-
Increasing ventilatory effort
-Sternal retractions
-Inspiratory Stridor, snoring, gasping breath sounds
-Faint/absent breath sounds
-Accessory respiratory muscle use is evidence of increased respiratory effort
-Rocking chest motion...chest falls, abdomen rises on inspiration
-Cyanosis is a late, ominous sign
-Decreased tidal volume (the amount of air inspired during normal, relaxed breathing)
✔✔Upper Airway Obstruction: Corrective Actions - ✔✔-Verbally and physically stimulate
patient
-Reposition head; Chin lift; jaw thrust
-Nasal or oral airway
