CMN 552 Exam 1 2026 Exam
Questions and Answers |
Already Graded A+
What two neurotransmitters are most implicated in the pathophysiology
of mood disorders? - ANSWER ✔✔norepinephrine and serotonin
How are dopamine levels affected in depression and mania? -
ANSWER ✔✔Dopamine activity may be reduced in depression and
increased in mania
How does depression affect sleep neurophysiology? - ANSWER
✔✔Loss of deep (slow-wave) sleep
Increase in nocturnal arousal.
,The latter is reflected by four types of disturbance: (1) an increase in
nocturnal awakenings, (2) a reduction in total sleep time, (3) increased
phasic rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and (4) increased core body
temperature. T
What is the most common abnormality found in structural and functional
brain imaging in depressive disorders? - ANSWER ✔✔Increased
frequency of abnormal hyperintensities in subcortical regions, such as
periventricular regions, the basal ganglia, and the thalamus
What cognitive distortions are commonly seen in depressed patients? -
ANSWER ✔✔(1) views about the self —a negative self-precept, (2)
about the environment—a tendency to experience the world as hostile
and demanding, and (3) about the future—the expectation of suffering
and failure
What is learned helplessness? - ANSWER ✔✔the hopelessness and
passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid
repeated aversive events
What "specifiers" are used to describe patients with various mood
disorders? - ANSWER ✔✔Table 8.1-7
,What factors are associated with a poor prognosis for patients with
mood disorders? - ANSWER ✔✔MDD: The percentage of patients
recovering after repeated hospitalization decreases with passing time.
Generally, as a patient experiences more and more depressive
episodes, the time between the episodes decreases, and the severity of
each episode increases.
Bipolar I: Have a poorer prognosis than do patients with major
depressive disorder. About 40 to 50 percent of patients with bipolar I
disorder may have a second manic episode within 2 years of the first
episode. poor occupational status, alcohol dependence, psychotic
features, depressive features, interepisode depressive features, and
male gender were all factors that contributed a poor prognosis. Short
duration of manic episodes, advanced age of onset, few suicidal
thoughts, and few coexisting psychiatric or medical problems predict a
better outcome.
Bipolar II: The course and prognosis of bipolar II disorder indicate that
the diagnosis is stable because there is a high likelihood that patients
with bipolar II disorder will have the same diagnosis up to 5 years later.
COPYRIGHT©PROFFKERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2026. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, Bipolar II disorder is a chronic disease that warrants long-term treatment
strategies.
What is endogenous depression? - ANSWER ✔✔depression with no
apparent cause
What characteristics would the clinician see if a patient presented with
atypical features in a depressed patient? - ANSWER ✔✔Catatonic
features
Postpartum onset
Rapid cycling
Seasonal features
Significant weight gain
Hypersomnia
Leaden paralysis
What diagnostic criteria are required for a patient to receive a diagnosis
of Major Depressive Disorder? - ANSWER ✔✔*Five (or more) of the
following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period
and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the
symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or
pleasure.
Questions and Answers |
Already Graded A+
What two neurotransmitters are most implicated in the pathophysiology
of mood disorders? - ANSWER ✔✔norepinephrine and serotonin
How are dopamine levels affected in depression and mania? -
ANSWER ✔✔Dopamine activity may be reduced in depression and
increased in mania
How does depression affect sleep neurophysiology? - ANSWER
✔✔Loss of deep (slow-wave) sleep
Increase in nocturnal arousal.
,The latter is reflected by four types of disturbance: (1) an increase in
nocturnal awakenings, (2) a reduction in total sleep time, (3) increased
phasic rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and (4) increased core body
temperature. T
What is the most common abnormality found in structural and functional
brain imaging in depressive disorders? - ANSWER ✔✔Increased
frequency of abnormal hyperintensities in subcortical regions, such as
periventricular regions, the basal ganglia, and the thalamus
What cognitive distortions are commonly seen in depressed patients? -
ANSWER ✔✔(1) views about the self —a negative self-precept, (2)
about the environment—a tendency to experience the world as hostile
and demanding, and (3) about the future—the expectation of suffering
and failure
What is learned helplessness? - ANSWER ✔✔the hopelessness and
passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid
repeated aversive events
What "specifiers" are used to describe patients with various mood
disorders? - ANSWER ✔✔Table 8.1-7
,What factors are associated with a poor prognosis for patients with
mood disorders? - ANSWER ✔✔MDD: The percentage of patients
recovering after repeated hospitalization decreases with passing time.
Generally, as a patient experiences more and more depressive
episodes, the time between the episodes decreases, and the severity of
each episode increases.
Bipolar I: Have a poorer prognosis than do patients with major
depressive disorder. About 40 to 50 percent of patients with bipolar I
disorder may have a second manic episode within 2 years of the first
episode. poor occupational status, alcohol dependence, psychotic
features, depressive features, interepisode depressive features, and
male gender were all factors that contributed a poor prognosis. Short
duration of manic episodes, advanced age of onset, few suicidal
thoughts, and few coexisting psychiatric or medical problems predict a
better outcome.
Bipolar II: The course and prognosis of bipolar II disorder indicate that
the diagnosis is stable because there is a high likelihood that patients
with bipolar II disorder will have the same diagnosis up to 5 years later.
COPYRIGHT©PROFFKERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2026. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, Bipolar II disorder is a chronic disease that warrants long-term treatment
strategies.
What is endogenous depression? - ANSWER ✔✔depression with no
apparent cause
What characteristics would the clinician see if a patient presented with
atypical features in a depressed patient? - ANSWER ✔✔Catatonic
features
Postpartum onset
Rapid cycling
Seasonal features
Significant weight gain
Hypersomnia
Leaden paralysis
What diagnostic criteria are required for a patient to receive a diagnosis
of Major Depressive Disorder? - ANSWER ✔✔*Five (or more) of the
following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period
and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the
symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or
pleasure.
