NR565 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWESRS)
Q&A 2026-2027 |INSTANT DOWNLOAD PDF
1. Which statement best describes pharmacokinetics?
A. The effects of drugs on the body
B. The movement of drugs through absorption, distribution,
metabolism, and excretion
C. Drug interactions with receptors
D. The therapeutic index of medications
Correct Answer: B. The movement of drugs through absorption,
distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
Rationale: Pharmacokinetics describes what the body does to a
drug through ADME processes.
2. Which organ is primarily responsible for drug metabolism?
A. Kidney
B. Liver
C. Heart
D. Lungs
Correct Answer: B. Liver.
Rationale: Most medications undergo hepatic metabolism
through the cytochrome P450 enzyme system.
,3. Which phase of pharmacokinetics determines how quickly a
drug enters systemic circulation?
A. Distribution
B. Metabolism
C. Absorption
D. Elimination
Correct Answer: C. Absorption.
Rationale: Absorption determines the rate and extent of drug
entry into circulation.
4. Which route of administration avoids first-pass
metabolism?
A. Oral
B. Rectal (partial)
C. Sublingual
D. Enteral
Correct Answer: C. Sublingual.
Rationale: Sublingual drugs enter systemic circulation directly.
5. Which patient is at greatest risk for adverse drug reactions?
A. Healthy teenager
B. Middle-aged athlete
,C. Older adult taking multiple medications
D. Young adult
Correct Answer: C. Older adult taking multiple medications.
Rationale: Polypharmacy significantly increases adverse drug
reaction risk.
6. Which receptor type is targeted by beta-blockers?
A. Alpha receptors
B. Beta-adrenergic receptors
C. Histamine receptors
D. Dopamine receptors
Correct Answer: B. Beta-adrenergic receptors.
Rationale: Beta-blockers inhibit beta receptors, reducing heart
rate and blood pressure.
7. What is bioavailability?
A. Drug half-life
B. Fraction of drug reaching systemic circulation unchanged
C. Drug potency
D. Drug toxicity
Correct Answer: B. Fraction of drug reaching systemic
circulation unchanged.
, Rationale: Bioavailability measures the percentage of
administered drug reaching circulation.
8. Which laboratory value should be monitored before
administering nephrotoxic drugs?
A. AST
B. ALT
C. Serum creatinine
D. Hemoglobin
Correct Answer: C. Serum creatinine.
Rationale: Creatinine reflects kidney function.
9. Which medication class commonly causes cough?
A. ARBs
B. ACE inhibitors
C. Calcium channel blockers
D. Beta-blockers
Correct Answer: B. ACE inhibitors.
Rationale: Bradykinin accumulation commonly produces a dry
cough.
10. Which electrolyte should be monitored with loop
diuretics?
AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWESRS)
Q&A 2026-2027 |INSTANT DOWNLOAD PDF
1. Which statement best describes pharmacokinetics?
A. The effects of drugs on the body
B. The movement of drugs through absorption, distribution,
metabolism, and excretion
C. Drug interactions with receptors
D. The therapeutic index of medications
Correct Answer: B. The movement of drugs through absorption,
distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
Rationale: Pharmacokinetics describes what the body does to a
drug through ADME processes.
2. Which organ is primarily responsible for drug metabolism?
A. Kidney
B. Liver
C. Heart
D. Lungs
Correct Answer: B. Liver.
Rationale: Most medications undergo hepatic metabolism
through the cytochrome P450 enzyme system.
,3. Which phase of pharmacokinetics determines how quickly a
drug enters systemic circulation?
A. Distribution
B. Metabolism
C. Absorption
D. Elimination
Correct Answer: C. Absorption.
Rationale: Absorption determines the rate and extent of drug
entry into circulation.
4. Which route of administration avoids first-pass
metabolism?
A. Oral
B. Rectal (partial)
C. Sublingual
D. Enteral
Correct Answer: C. Sublingual.
Rationale: Sublingual drugs enter systemic circulation directly.
5. Which patient is at greatest risk for adverse drug reactions?
A. Healthy teenager
B. Middle-aged athlete
,C. Older adult taking multiple medications
D. Young adult
Correct Answer: C. Older adult taking multiple medications.
Rationale: Polypharmacy significantly increases adverse drug
reaction risk.
6. Which receptor type is targeted by beta-blockers?
A. Alpha receptors
B. Beta-adrenergic receptors
C. Histamine receptors
D. Dopamine receptors
Correct Answer: B. Beta-adrenergic receptors.
Rationale: Beta-blockers inhibit beta receptors, reducing heart
rate and blood pressure.
7. What is bioavailability?
A. Drug half-life
B. Fraction of drug reaching systemic circulation unchanged
C. Drug potency
D. Drug toxicity
Correct Answer: B. Fraction of drug reaching systemic
circulation unchanged.
, Rationale: Bioavailability measures the percentage of
administered drug reaching circulation.
8. Which laboratory value should be monitored before
administering nephrotoxic drugs?
A. AST
B. ALT
C. Serum creatinine
D. Hemoglobin
Correct Answer: C. Serum creatinine.
Rationale: Creatinine reflects kidney function.
9. Which medication class commonly causes cough?
A. ARBs
B. ACE inhibitors
C. Calcium channel blockers
D. Beta-blockers
Correct Answer: B. ACE inhibitors.
Rationale: Bradykinin accumulation commonly produces a dry
cough.
10. Which electrolyte should be monitored with loop
diuretics?
