NURS 505 Exam 2 PrepU Questions (50-52) (37) questions with
verified solutions 2026\2027 A+ Grade
A patient with a longstanding diagnosis of chronic renal failure has experienced a significant decline in
urine output in recent days, prompting him to seek care at a local clinic. A nurse at the clinic has
suggested to a colleague that the administration of a diuretic such as hydrochlorothiazide may improve
the patient's urine output. How should the colleague best respond to this suggestion?
a) "That would probably help, but we'd have to do blood work first."
b) "Actually, patients with renal failure usually can't take hydrochlorothiazide."
c) "That would only work if he could come in twice a day to get it intravenously."
d) "Maybe, but hydrochlorothiazide affects the bladder more than the kidneys."
- correct answer b) "Actually, patients with renal failure usually can't take hydrochlorothiazide."
Renal disease and severe renal impairment contraindicate the use of hydrochlorothiazide. HCTZ affects
the kidneys, not the bladder, and is not administered intravenously.
The nurse is seeing a pregnant client who has a confirmed urinary tract infection that requires
treatment. Which anti-infective medication should the nurse anticipate will be prescribed for this client?
a) methenamine
b) nitrofurantoin
c) tartrazine
d) phenazopyridine
- correct answer b) nitrofurantoin
Anti-infectives are contraindicated in patients with a hypersensitivity to the drugs and during pregnancy
(pregnancy category C) and lactation. One exception is nitrofurantoin, which is classified as a pregnancy
category B drug and is used with caution during pregnancy. Tartrazine is not an anti-infective but a food
dye that is added to the anti-infective medication methenamine.
, What best describes the structure of the kidneys?
a) The renal pelvises drain urine into the ureters.
b) The cortical nephrons concentrate urine.
c) The renal arteries arise from the renal cortex.
d) The glomerulus produces erythropoietin.
- correct answer a) the renal pelvises drain urine into the ureters
The renal pelvises drain the urine into the ureters. All nephrons filter and make urine, but only the
medullary nephrons can concentrate or dilute urine. The renal arteries come directly off the aorta.
Erythropoietin is produced by a small group of cells called the juxtaglomerular apparatus.
As part of a class presentation, a nursing student is describing the actions of the different diuretics.
Which medication would the student include as exerting its diuretic effect by inhibiting the reabsorption
of sodium and chloride ions in the ascending portion of the loop of Henle and the early distal tubule of
the nephron?
a) Hydrochlorothiazide
b) Acetazolamide
c) Furosemide
d) Spironolactone
- correct answer a) Hydrochlorothiazide
Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic that exerts its diuretic effect by inhibiting the reabsorption of
sodium and chloride ions in the ascending portion of the loop of Henle and the early distal tubule of the
nephron. Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and is a sulfonamide, without bacteriostatic
action, that inhibits the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. Carbonic anhydrase inhibition results in the
excretion of sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, and water. Furosemide is a loop diuretic which inhibits
reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the distal and proximal tubules of the kidney and in the loop of
Henle. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic works to antagonize the action of aldosterone.
Aldosterone, a hormone produced by the adrenal cortex, enhances the reabsorption of sodium in the
distal convoluted tubules of the kidney. When this is blocked by the drug, sodium (but not potassium)
and water are excreted.
verified solutions 2026\2027 A+ Grade
A patient with a longstanding diagnosis of chronic renal failure has experienced a significant decline in
urine output in recent days, prompting him to seek care at a local clinic. A nurse at the clinic has
suggested to a colleague that the administration of a diuretic such as hydrochlorothiazide may improve
the patient's urine output. How should the colleague best respond to this suggestion?
a) "That would probably help, but we'd have to do blood work first."
b) "Actually, patients with renal failure usually can't take hydrochlorothiazide."
c) "That would only work if he could come in twice a day to get it intravenously."
d) "Maybe, but hydrochlorothiazide affects the bladder more than the kidneys."
- correct answer b) "Actually, patients with renal failure usually can't take hydrochlorothiazide."
Renal disease and severe renal impairment contraindicate the use of hydrochlorothiazide. HCTZ affects
the kidneys, not the bladder, and is not administered intravenously.
The nurse is seeing a pregnant client who has a confirmed urinary tract infection that requires
treatment. Which anti-infective medication should the nurse anticipate will be prescribed for this client?
a) methenamine
b) nitrofurantoin
c) tartrazine
d) phenazopyridine
- correct answer b) nitrofurantoin
Anti-infectives are contraindicated in patients with a hypersensitivity to the drugs and during pregnancy
(pregnancy category C) and lactation. One exception is nitrofurantoin, which is classified as a pregnancy
category B drug and is used with caution during pregnancy. Tartrazine is not an anti-infective but a food
dye that is added to the anti-infective medication methenamine.
, What best describes the structure of the kidneys?
a) The renal pelvises drain urine into the ureters.
b) The cortical nephrons concentrate urine.
c) The renal arteries arise from the renal cortex.
d) The glomerulus produces erythropoietin.
- correct answer a) the renal pelvises drain urine into the ureters
The renal pelvises drain the urine into the ureters. All nephrons filter and make urine, but only the
medullary nephrons can concentrate or dilute urine. The renal arteries come directly off the aorta.
Erythropoietin is produced by a small group of cells called the juxtaglomerular apparatus.
As part of a class presentation, a nursing student is describing the actions of the different diuretics.
Which medication would the student include as exerting its diuretic effect by inhibiting the reabsorption
of sodium and chloride ions in the ascending portion of the loop of Henle and the early distal tubule of
the nephron?
a) Hydrochlorothiazide
b) Acetazolamide
c) Furosemide
d) Spironolactone
- correct answer a) Hydrochlorothiazide
Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic that exerts its diuretic effect by inhibiting the reabsorption of
sodium and chloride ions in the ascending portion of the loop of Henle and the early distal tubule of the
nephron. Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and is a sulfonamide, without bacteriostatic
action, that inhibits the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. Carbonic anhydrase inhibition results in the
excretion of sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, and water. Furosemide is a loop diuretic which inhibits
reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the distal and proximal tubules of the kidney and in the loop of
Henle. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic works to antagonize the action of aldosterone.
Aldosterone, a hormone produced by the adrenal cortex, enhances the reabsorption of sodium in the
distal convoluted tubules of the kidney. When this is blocked by the drug, sodium (but not potassium)
and water are excreted.
