D184 Exam 2 V2 | D184 Standards-Based
Assessment OA | Actual Q&A with
Rationale (D184 Exam 2) | WGU
1. Which type of assessment is primarily used to monitor student learning and provide
ongoing feedback to improve teaching?
A. Standardized Assessment
B. Summative Assessment
C. Norm-Referenced Assessment
D. Formative Assessment
Answer: D
Rationale: Formative assessments are designed to provide immediate feedback to both the
teacher and the student. This process allows for real-time instructional adjustments to
improve student outcomes. It is distinct from summative assessments, which are generally
used to evaluate learning at the end of a unit.
2. In the ‘Backward Design’ model developed by Wiggins and McTighe, what is the first step
in the planning process?
A. Plan learning experiences and instruction
B. Identify desired results
C. Determine acceptable evidence
,D. Select textbooks and resources
Answer: B
Rationale: The Backward Design process begins with identifying what students should
know and be able to do by the end of the lesson. Only after the desired results are
established does the teacher determine the evidence needed to demonstrate that learning.
This ensures that instruction is aligned with specific standards and learning targets.
3. Which term describes the consistency of an assessment’s results over time and across
different scorers?
A. Validity
B. Reliability
C. Alignment
D. Objectivity
Answer: B
Rationale: Reliability refers to the extent to which an assessment produces stable and
consistent results. For instance, inter-rater reliability ensures that different scorers would
give a student the same grade on a specific task. Without reliability, the data collected from
assessments cannot be considered a dependable measure of student performance.
4. What is the primary purpose of a ‘Diagnostic Assessment’?
A. To assign a final grade for a course
, B. To identify a student’s strengths and weaknesses prior to instruction
C. To compare a student’s performance to their peers
D. To evaluate the effectiveness of a school program
Answer: B
Rationale: Diagnostic assessments are pre-instructional tools used to gauge what students
already know. This information helps teachers differentiate instruction to meet specific
student needs. By identifying gaps in knowledge early, educators can target their
interventions more effectively.
5. Which type of rubric provides a single score based on an overall impression of a student’s
performance on a task?
A. Analytic Rubric
B. Rating Scale
C. Checklist
D. Holistic Rubric
Answer: D
Rationale: A holistic rubric evaluates the work as a whole rather than breaking it down
into specific criteria. It is often quicker to use than an analytic rubric but provides less
specific feedback to the student. This type of rubric is best suited for tasks where the
overall quality is more important than individual components.
Assessment OA | Actual Q&A with
Rationale (D184 Exam 2) | WGU
1. Which type of assessment is primarily used to monitor student learning and provide
ongoing feedback to improve teaching?
A. Standardized Assessment
B. Summative Assessment
C. Norm-Referenced Assessment
D. Formative Assessment
Answer: D
Rationale: Formative assessments are designed to provide immediate feedback to both the
teacher and the student. This process allows for real-time instructional adjustments to
improve student outcomes. It is distinct from summative assessments, which are generally
used to evaluate learning at the end of a unit.
2. In the ‘Backward Design’ model developed by Wiggins and McTighe, what is the first step
in the planning process?
A. Plan learning experiences and instruction
B. Identify desired results
C. Determine acceptable evidence
,D. Select textbooks and resources
Answer: B
Rationale: The Backward Design process begins with identifying what students should
know and be able to do by the end of the lesson. Only after the desired results are
established does the teacher determine the evidence needed to demonstrate that learning.
This ensures that instruction is aligned with specific standards and learning targets.
3. Which term describes the consistency of an assessment’s results over time and across
different scorers?
A. Validity
B. Reliability
C. Alignment
D. Objectivity
Answer: B
Rationale: Reliability refers to the extent to which an assessment produces stable and
consistent results. For instance, inter-rater reliability ensures that different scorers would
give a student the same grade on a specific task. Without reliability, the data collected from
assessments cannot be considered a dependable measure of student performance.
4. What is the primary purpose of a ‘Diagnostic Assessment’?
A. To assign a final grade for a course
, B. To identify a student’s strengths and weaknesses prior to instruction
C. To compare a student’s performance to their peers
D. To evaluate the effectiveness of a school program
Answer: B
Rationale: Diagnostic assessments are pre-instructional tools used to gauge what students
already know. This information helps teachers differentiate instruction to meet specific
student needs. By identifying gaps in knowledge early, educators can target their
interventions more effectively.
5. Which type of rubric provides a single score based on an overall impression of a student’s
performance on a task?
A. Analytic Rubric
B. Rating Scale
C. Checklist
D. Holistic Rubric
Answer: D
Rationale: A holistic rubric evaluates the work as a whole rather than breaking it down
into specific criteria. It is often quicker to use than an analytic rubric but provides less
specific feedback to the student. This type of rubric is best suited for tasks where the
overall quality is more important than individual components.
