,BIOD 152 A&P 2 Module 3 | Actual study Questions and Answers +
Rationales | 2026/27 Updates
1. Which sense does NOT have specialized sense organs?
A) Smell
B) Touch
C) Equilibrium
D) Smell and Equilibrium
Correct Answer: Touch
Rationale: Touch is a general sense that does not have specialized sense organs . Instead, it uses
receptors distributed throughout the skin. Smell and equilibrium are special senses with
dedicated receptor cells and organs.
2. What are the two regions of the outer fibrous layer of the eye?
A) Ciliary body and iris
B) Pupil and retina
C) Lens and vitreous fluid
D) Sclera and cornea
Correct Answer: Sclera and cornea
Rationale: The outer fibrous layer of the eye consists of the sclera (posterior portion) and the
cornea (anterior portion) . The sclera is the "white of the eye," and the cornea is the transparent
window at the front.
,3. The middle vascular layer of the eye includes which regions?
A) Aqueous humor and cornea
B) Cones and rods
C) Optic nerve and retina
D) Ciliary body and iris
Correct Answer: Ciliary body and iris
Rationale: The middle layer (uvea) of the eye includes the choroid, ciliary body, and iris . The
ciliary body controls lens shape, and the iris regulates pupil size.
4. Which type of photoreceptor is more numerous in the human eye?
A) Cones
B) Rods
C) Bipolar cells
D) Ganglion cells
Correct Answer: Rods
Rationale: Rods are more numerous than cones in the human retina . Rods are responsible for
vision in low light, while cones are responsible for color vision and detail.
5. A patient has blindness in the right eye only. What part of the vision pathway is most likely
damaged?
A) Optic chiasm
B) Left optic nerve
C) Right optic nerve
, D) Occipital lobe
Correct Answer: Right optic nerve
Rationale: The optic nerve carries signals from one eye before any crossover at the chiasm.
Damage to the right optic nerve causes blindness in the right eye only , since information from
the right eye has not yet crossed at the optic chiasm.
6. The ______ is controlled by the trochlear nerve (CN IV).
A) Superior rectus
B) Medial rectus
C) Lateral rectus
D) Superior oblique
Correct Answer: Superior oblique
Rationale: The trochlear nerve controls the superior oblique muscle . This nerve is unique in
that it emerges from the dorsal side of the brainstem.
7. An elderly patient describes her vision as progressively worsening over the last year,
becoming cloudy and dark. What is most likely causing the vision problem?
A) Cranial nerve damage
B) Cataracts
C) Brain tumor in the occipital lobe
D) Medial rectus damage
Correct Answer: Cataracts
Rationales | 2026/27 Updates
1. Which sense does NOT have specialized sense organs?
A) Smell
B) Touch
C) Equilibrium
D) Smell and Equilibrium
Correct Answer: Touch
Rationale: Touch is a general sense that does not have specialized sense organs . Instead, it uses
receptors distributed throughout the skin. Smell and equilibrium are special senses with
dedicated receptor cells and organs.
2. What are the two regions of the outer fibrous layer of the eye?
A) Ciliary body and iris
B) Pupil and retina
C) Lens and vitreous fluid
D) Sclera and cornea
Correct Answer: Sclera and cornea
Rationale: The outer fibrous layer of the eye consists of the sclera (posterior portion) and the
cornea (anterior portion) . The sclera is the "white of the eye," and the cornea is the transparent
window at the front.
,3. The middle vascular layer of the eye includes which regions?
A) Aqueous humor and cornea
B) Cones and rods
C) Optic nerve and retina
D) Ciliary body and iris
Correct Answer: Ciliary body and iris
Rationale: The middle layer (uvea) of the eye includes the choroid, ciliary body, and iris . The
ciliary body controls lens shape, and the iris regulates pupil size.
4. Which type of photoreceptor is more numerous in the human eye?
A) Cones
B) Rods
C) Bipolar cells
D) Ganglion cells
Correct Answer: Rods
Rationale: Rods are more numerous than cones in the human retina . Rods are responsible for
vision in low light, while cones are responsible for color vision and detail.
5. A patient has blindness in the right eye only. What part of the vision pathway is most likely
damaged?
A) Optic chiasm
B) Left optic nerve
C) Right optic nerve
, D) Occipital lobe
Correct Answer: Right optic nerve
Rationale: The optic nerve carries signals from one eye before any crossover at the chiasm.
Damage to the right optic nerve causes blindness in the right eye only , since information from
the right eye has not yet crossed at the optic chiasm.
6. The ______ is controlled by the trochlear nerve (CN IV).
A) Superior rectus
B) Medial rectus
C) Lateral rectus
D) Superior oblique
Correct Answer: Superior oblique
Rationale: The trochlear nerve controls the superior oblique muscle . This nerve is unique in
that it emerges from the dorsal side of the brainstem.
7. An elderly patient describes her vision as progressively worsening over the last year,
becoming cloudy and dark. What is most likely causing the vision problem?
A) Cranial nerve damage
B) Cataracts
C) Brain tumor in the occipital lobe
D) Medial rectus damage
Correct Answer: Cataracts
