POLI 202 WESTERN POLITICAL HERITAGE
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1. Argument - ANSWER ✔ a set of statements (premises) that are written to
prove an end statement (conclusion)
2. Premise - ANSWER ✔ other statements in an argument trying to prove a
conclusion
3. Conclusion - ANSWER ✔ what the arguer is trying to convince us of
4. Valid/Deductively Valid - ANSWER ✔ argument where it is impossible
for the premises to be true and the conclusion to be false
5. Sound - ANSWER ✔ Sound argument: argument with a true conclusion
6. Motion (Hobbes) - ANSWER ✔ Observable movement
Animals have two types: vital/ voluntary
7. Vital/Voluntary (Hobbes) - ANSWER ✔ Vital: things that always happen,
breathing pumping blood etc.
Voluntary: to speak move, think
8. Appetites/Aversions (Hobbes) - ANSWER ✔ When an endeavour goes
toward something it is an appetite , when away an aversion
Appetite + present =love Appetite= desire
Aversion+thing=despair Aversion=fear
,9. Good/Evil (Hobbes) - ANSWER ✔ Good is what you desire, evil is what
you hate
10.Glory (Hobbes) - ANSWER ✔ Joy arising from the imagination of one
man's power is glorying
11.Confidence (Hobbes) - ANSWER ✔ Constant hope
Believing in oneself because of past abilities
12.Felicity - ANSWER ✔ Success in satisfying your desire
Continual progress of the desire, from one object to another. Always desiring
something better
A perpetual and restless desire of power after power, that ceaseth only in death.
13.According to Beneton (in the prologue of Equality by Default), what is the
main obstacle to true education in the contemporary world? - ANSWER ✔
Knowledge has become separated from life, and is seen as merely utilitarian.
14.According to Philippe Beneton (in Equality by Default ch. 1), what are the
three stages of the idea of the "rights of man"? - ANSWER ✔ 1. The
moderate liberal version associated with the American Founding.
2. The ideological subversion associated with the radical phase of the French
Revolution.
3. The extreme liberal version prevalent today.
15.What is the third absolute truth that Elder Oaks affirms? - ANSWER ✔
Our tolerance and respect for others and their beliefs does not cause us to
abandon our commitment to the truths we understand and the covenants we
have made.
16.According to Professor Hancock in Thinking Politically, what is the key
difference between ancient (or classical) political philosophy and modern
political philosophy? - ANSWER ✔ Modern political philosophy
repudiates the classical question of the good.
17.How does Elder Oaks define the term "moral relativism"? - ANSWER ✔
The philosophy that holds that each person is free to choose for himself what
is right and wrong.
,18.According to Beneton, what is the basis of "substantive" (or "substantial")
equality? - ANSWER ✔ The Christian idea that all humans are worthy of
God's sacrifice.
The natural sense represented in great literature that we share a common
humanity.
19."Now, these two, as we have divided them, are always to be viewed apart
from each other. When the one is considered, we should call off our minds,
and not allow them to think of the other."
What two spheres or domains does John Calvin refer to in this quotation? -
ANSWER ✔ The spiritual and the temporal jurisdictions.
20.In "The Limits of Secular Authority," how does Luther explain the
Christian's duty to uphold secular authority, even though a Christian has no
need of it and must be willing to "turn the other cheek" rather than demand
justice under the law? - ANSWER ✔ The Christian cooperates with secular
authority only for the benefit of his neighbor, not for the benefit to himself.
21.According to Professor Hancock (in Thinking Politically part two, ch. 2),
Calvin's radical break with classical moral and political philosophy consists
of _____________. - ANSWER ✔ His repudiation of the hierarchical view
of nature and of human nature which makes it possible to speak of what is
"high" and "low."
22.According to Mill, what is the object of "On Liberty"?
a) To assert two fundamental principles about how to govern absolutely
the dealings of society with the individual in the way of both
compulsion and control.
b) To assert one very simple principle about how to govern absolutely
the dealings of society with the individual in the way of compulsion
and control.
c) To refute one principle about how to govern absolutely, and to assert
another principle about how to embrace tolerance.
d) To challenge the prevailing wisdom about the real location of tyranny
and to warn individuals of rising threats in compulsion and control. -
ANSWER ✔ b) To assert one very simple principle about how to
govern absolutely the dealings of society with the individual in the
way of compulsion and control.
, 23.With which of the following would Mill most clearly agree?
a) In the most tolerant societies, there is constant vigilance against
tyranny of the magistrate.
b) In the most tolerant societies, there is constant vigilance against
tyranny of the majority.
c) In the most tolerant societies, the duty of toleration is admitted with
tacit reserves.
d) In the most tolerant societies, citizens support the duty of toleration
without qualification. - ANSWER ✔ c) In the most tolerant
societies, the duty of toleration is admitted with tacit reserves.
24.How does Mill say women feel about being under the rule of men?
a) Women do not accept it and are actively protesting it
b)_ Women have not yet realized that they are under the rule of men
c) Women make no complaint, and are consenting parties to it
d) Women do not care, but his reason for writing this is to persuade them to
care - ANSWER ✔ a) Women do not accept it and are actively protesting it
25.How, according to Mill, should the decisions in a marriage be made?
a) One partner should be one absolute master, who can delegate powers
to the other partner
b) The older and wiser partner should be the absolute master
c) The inferior should be absolute master, as this provides the least
danger to both parties
d) There should be a division of powers between the two, with any
change in powers requiring the consent of both parties - ANSWER
✔ d) There should be a division of powers between the two, with
any change in powers requiring the consent of both parties
26.What is Mill's ideal form of marriage?
a) A union between two persons, where woman makes difficult or
important decisions, and the day to day decisions are made by the
husband
b) A union between two persons, where the man makes difficult or
important decisions, and the day to day decisions are made by the
wife
c) A union between two persons, with identical opinions and purposes,
where they can each enjoy looking up to each other
HANCOCK BYU EXAM STUDY GUIDE
2026/2027 ACCURATE QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT DETAILED SOLUTIONS ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS
<NEWEST VERSION>
1. Argument - ANSWER ✔ a set of statements (premises) that are written to
prove an end statement (conclusion)
2. Premise - ANSWER ✔ other statements in an argument trying to prove a
conclusion
3. Conclusion - ANSWER ✔ what the arguer is trying to convince us of
4. Valid/Deductively Valid - ANSWER ✔ argument where it is impossible
for the premises to be true and the conclusion to be false
5. Sound - ANSWER ✔ Sound argument: argument with a true conclusion
6. Motion (Hobbes) - ANSWER ✔ Observable movement
Animals have two types: vital/ voluntary
7. Vital/Voluntary (Hobbes) - ANSWER ✔ Vital: things that always happen,
breathing pumping blood etc.
Voluntary: to speak move, think
8. Appetites/Aversions (Hobbes) - ANSWER ✔ When an endeavour goes
toward something it is an appetite , when away an aversion
Appetite + present =love Appetite= desire
Aversion+thing=despair Aversion=fear
,9. Good/Evil (Hobbes) - ANSWER ✔ Good is what you desire, evil is what
you hate
10.Glory (Hobbes) - ANSWER ✔ Joy arising from the imagination of one
man's power is glorying
11.Confidence (Hobbes) - ANSWER ✔ Constant hope
Believing in oneself because of past abilities
12.Felicity - ANSWER ✔ Success in satisfying your desire
Continual progress of the desire, from one object to another. Always desiring
something better
A perpetual and restless desire of power after power, that ceaseth only in death.
13.According to Beneton (in the prologue of Equality by Default), what is the
main obstacle to true education in the contemporary world? - ANSWER ✔
Knowledge has become separated from life, and is seen as merely utilitarian.
14.According to Philippe Beneton (in Equality by Default ch. 1), what are the
three stages of the idea of the "rights of man"? - ANSWER ✔ 1. The
moderate liberal version associated with the American Founding.
2. The ideological subversion associated with the radical phase of the French
Revolution.
3. The extreme liberal version prevalent today.
15.What is the third absolute truth that Elder Oaks affirms? - ANSWER ✔
Our tolerance and respect for others and their beliefs does not cause us to
abandon our commitment to the truths we understand and the covenants we
have made.
16.According to Professor Hancock in Thinking Politically, what is the key
difference between ancient (or classical) political philosophy and modern
political philosophy? - ANSWER ✔ Modern political philosophy
repudiates the classical question of the good.
17.How does Elder Oaks define the term "moral relativism"? - ANSWER ✔
The philosophy that holds that each person is free to choose for himself what
is right and wrong.
,18.According to Beneton, what is the basis of "substantive" (or "substantial")
equality? - ANSWER ✔ The Christian idea that all humans are worthy of
God's sacrifice.
The natural sense represented in great literature that we share a common
humanity.
19."Now, these two, as we have divided them, are always to be viewed apart
from each other. When the one is considered, we should call off our minds,
and not allow them to think of the other."
What two spheres or domains does John Calvin refer to in this quotation? -
ANSWER ✔ The spiritual and the temporal jurisdictions.
20.In "The Limits of Secular Authority," how does Luther explain the
Christian's duty to uphold secular authority, even though a Christian has no
need of it and must be willing to "turn the other cheek" rather than demand
justice under the law? - ANSWER ✔ The Christian cooperates with secular
authority only for the benefit of his neighbor, not for the benefit to himself.
21.According to Professor Hancock (in Thinking Politically part two, ch. 2),
Calvin's radical break with classical moral and political philosophy consists
of _____________. - ANSWER ✔ His repudiation of the hierarchical view
of nature and of human nature which makes it possible to speak of what is
"high" and "low."
22.According to Mill, what is the object of "On Liberty"?
a) To assert two fundamental principles about how to govern absolutely
the dealings of society with the individual in the way of both
compulsion and control.
b) To assert one very simple principle about how to govern absolutely
the dealings of society with the individual in the way of compulsion
and control.
c) To refute one principle about how to govern absolutely, and to assert
another principle about how to embrace tolerance.
d) To challenge the prevailing wisdom about the real location of tyranny
and to warn individuals of rising threats in compulsion and control. -
ANSWER ✔ b) To assert one very simple principle about how to
govern absolutely the dealings of society with the individual in the
way of compulsion and control.
, 23.With which of the following would Mill most clearly agree?
a) In the most tolerant societies, there is constant vigilance against
tyranny of the magistrate.
b) In the most tolerant societies, there is constant vigilance against
tyranny of the majority.
c) In the most tolerant societies, the duty of toleration is admitted with
tacit reserves.
d) In the most tolerant societies, citizens support the duty of toleration
without qualification. - ANSWER ✔ c) In the most tolerant
societies, the duty of toleration is admitted with tacit reserves.
24.How does Mill say women feel about being under the rule of men?
a) Women do not accept it and are actively protesting it
b)_ Women have not yet realized that they are under the rule of men
c) Women make no complaint, and are consenting parties to it
d) Women do not care, but his reason for writing this is to persuade them to
care - ANSWER ✔ a) Women do not accept it and are actively protesting it
25.How, according to Mill, should the decisions in a marriage be made?
a) One partner should be one absolute master, who can delegate powers
to the other partner
b) The older and wiser partner should be the absolute master
c) The inferior should be absolute master, as this provides the least
danger to both parties
d) There should be a division of powers between the two, with any
change in powers requiring the consent of both parties - ANSWER
✔ d) There should be a division of powers between the two, with
any change in powers requiring the consent of both parties
26.What is Mill's ideal form of marriage?
a) A union between two persons, where woman makes difficult or
important decisions, and the day to day decisions are made by the
husband
b) A union between two persons, where the man makes difficult or
important decisions, and the day to day decisions are made by the
wife
c) A union between two persons, with identical opinions and purposes,
where they can each enjoy looking up to each other
