Exam Questions and Answers |
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Healthy People Initiative - ANSWER ✔✔- population focused
- began 1979
- first coordinated national healthcare strategy
- each decade releases new goals and objectives
- addresses variation in disease and morbidity for at-risk/minority
populations
- attain healthy lives free from preventable disease, disability, injury, and
premature death
- eliminate health disparities, achieve equity
,- engage leadership for health & wellbeing of ALL
Triple Aim - ANSWER ✔✔- big 2 reports for change: "to err is human"
(healthcare is human endeavor) and "crossing the quality chasm" (crisis
of not meeting needs)
- introduced by institute for health improvement to focus on society at
large
- experience of care, population health, per capita cost
Iron Triangle - ANSWER ✔✔- ACCESS, QUALITY, and COST
- introduced by public health management
- created by Dr. Burwick
access to healthcare - ANSWER ✔✔- timely use of personal health
services to achieve best possible health outcomes
- 3 factors: entrance to system (usually insurance = gateway), needed
services in accessible location, availability of "right" patient-provider
relationship (communication, trust, respect)
uninsured in the U.S. - ANSWER ✔✔- 30.4 million or 9.4% (8-15%) of
non-institutionalized population
,- 5.2% below age 17 (but expect CHIP and Medicaid to cover ALL kids;
uninsured kids come from high-income homes)
- 13.3% ages 18-64
- hispanic families
- ages 25-34 lack coverage the most (only 17% have it) bc getting out of
college and no job
needed services in accessible location - ANSWER ✔✔- equitable
care w/ improved health outcomes and reduced costs happen when
people utilize services on regular basis
- PCP shortage and maldistribution of physicians prevent timely care
delivery
patient-provider relationship - ANSWER ✔✔- based on
communication, trust, respect regardless of individual differences
- leads to increased health-seeking behaviors -> decreased ER use and
better chronic condition management
access barriers - ANSWER ✔✔- high cost, not having "usual" place
of healthcare, timeliness, language barrier, health literacy, health
disparity, geographic location (rural areas need more PCPs)
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, - consequences: poorer health/quality of life, increased healthcare costs,
less use of preventive care, less likely to receive timely care, more likely
to use ER, more likely to live with chronic condition and die prematurely
healthcare costs - ANSWER ✔✔- healthcare GDP % has more than
tripled since 1960
- 18% GDP in 2019 and expected 19.4% by 2027
- PRIVATE spending on healthcare exceeds other countries bc COST
SHIFTING to cover those who can't pay
U.S. Healthcare Spending factors - ANSWER ✔✔- population growth
- aging population (Medicare funded by HMI and SMI trust funds, but w/
aging there are less people paying into Medicare and fund is being
depleted; 2034 more elderly than kids)
- disease prevalence and incidence
- service utilization
- service price and intensity (contributes the MOST to spending overall)
service price and intensity - ANSWER ✔✔- largest increase in
healthcare spending