LINUX ESSENTIALS LPI 010-160 CORE MAIN EXAMS
SET QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔File extension .odt - ✔✔-OpenDocument text
-OpenOffice, LibreOffice, other word processors (programs for reading)
✔✔File extension .pdf - ✔✔-portable document format
-Evince, Okular, Adobe Reader, xpdf (programs for reading)
✔✔File extensions .tif, .png, .jpg - ✔✔-graphics file formats
-GIMP, Eye of Gnome (eog) (programs for reading)
✔✔kernel ring buffer - ✔✔-similar to a log file but stored in memory
-use dmesg to view
-use dmesg | less to view less data
✔✔system files - ✔✔-Control how the computer operates
-Ex. System startup scripts, program files, config files, data storage, system log files
✔✔/ - ✔✔-root directory
-all files appear in this directory or in the subdirectories of it
✔✔/etc - ✔✔Holds system configuration files
,✔✔/boot - ✔✔-Holds important boot files
-Linux kernel, RAM disk, and often boot loader configuration files
✔✔/bin - ✔✔Holds program files that are critical for normal operation and that ordinary
users may run
✔✔/sbin - ✔✔Holds program files that are critical for normal operations users seldom
run
✔✔/lib - ✔✔-Holds libraries that are critical for basic system operation
-code used by many other programs
✔✔/usr - ✔✔-Holds programs and data that are used in normal system operation but
are not critical for a bare-bones boot of the system
-The directory is split into subdirectories that mirror parts of the root organization -
/usr/bin, /usr/sbin, /usr/lib, etc
✔✔/home - ✔✔-Holds users' home directories
-Separating this directory into its own low level filesystem effectively isolates most user
data from the OS, which can be useful if you want to reinstall the OS without losing user
data
✔✔/root - ✔✔The root user's home directory
✔✔/tmp - ✔✔Holds temporary files created by programs
✔✔/var - ✔✔-Holds miscellaneous files, such as log files and print spool files
-One subdirectory of /var is the /var/tmp and holds temporary files that should NEVER
be deleted
✔✔/mnt - ✔✔Mount point for removable media
✔✔/media - ✔✔New mount point for removable media
✔✔/dev - ✔✔Holds device files, which provide low level access to hardware.
✔✔/run - ✔✔Holds info about the running system
✔✔ls - ✔✔-Displays the names of files in a directory
-Doesn't show the hidden files/directories
-ex. .file.txt
✔✔ls --all or -a - ✔✔-Displays hidden files
, -Ex. >ls -a or ls --all
✔✔ls -l - ✔✔-Displays file names only
-Includes the file's permission string, owner, group, size, creating date
-Ex. >ls -l
✔✔--recursive or -R - ✔✔Displays both files and subdirectories
✔✔Absolute references - ✔✔-Relative to the root (/) directory
-Long way to get to a file
-Ex. /home/fred/afile.txt
✔✔Home directory reference - ✔✔- ~, for the home directory
-short cut
-Ex. ~/afile.txt same as /home/fred/afile.txt
✔✔touch - ✔✔-creates files
-updates a file's time stamps or creates a new empty file if one doesn't already exist
-ex. touch newfile.txt
✔✔touch -c - ✔✔- or --no-create
-Don't create a new file if one doesn't already exist
-To update a time stamp but not create an empty file
✔✔touch -d or --date=<string> - ✔✔-Sets the date and/or time of a file
-Ex. touch -d "July 4 2021" afile.txt
-Ex. touch -d "Aug 13 11:24" newfile.txt
✔✔cp - ✔✔Copy files in a terminal command line shell
✔✔cp <orig.txt> <new.txt> - ✔✔Copies the orig.txt to new.txt in the current directory
✔✔cp <orig.txt> /otherdir - ✔✔Copies orig.txt to the /otherdir directory. The copy will be
called orig.txt
✔✔cp <orig.txt> /otherdir/new.txt - ✔✔Copies orig.txt to the /otherdir directory. The copy
will be called new.txt
✔✔cp -a or --archive - ✔✔Similar to -R, but it also preserves ownership and copies links
as is
✔✔-f or --force - ✔✔Forces the system to overwrite any existing files without prompting
user
SET QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔File extension .odt - ✔✔-OpenDocument text
-OpenOffice, LibreOffice, other word processors (programs for reading)
✔✔File extension .pdf - ✔✔-portable document format
-Evince, Okular, Adobe Reader, xpdf (programs for reading)
✔✔File extensions .tif, .png, .jpg - ✔✔-graphics file formats
-GIMP, Eye of Gnome (eog) (programs for reading)
✔✔kernel ring buffer - ✔✔-similar to a log file but stored in memory
-use dmesg to view
-use dmesg | less to view less data
✔✔system files - ✔✔-Control how the computer operates
-Ex. System startup scripts, program files, config files, data storage, system log files
✔✔/ - ✔✔-root directory
-all files appear in this directory or in the subdirectories of it
✔✔/etc - ✔✔Holds system configuration files
,✔✔/boot - ✔✔-Holds important boot files
-Linux kernel, RAM disk, and often boot loader configuration files
✔✔/bin - ✔✔Holds program files that are critical for normal operation and that ordinary
users may run
✔✔/sbin - ✔✔Holds program files that are critical for normal operations users seldom
run
✔✔/lib - ✔✔-Holds libraries that are critical for basic system operation
-code used by many other programs
✔✔/usr - ✔✔-Holds programs and data that are used in normal system operation but
are not critical for a bare-bones boot of the system
-The directory is split into subdirectories that mirror parts of the root organization -
/usr/bin, /usr/sbin, /usr/lib, etc
✔✔/home - ✔✔-Holds users' home directories
-Separating this directory into its own low level filesystem effectively isolates most user
data from the OS, which can be useful if you want to reinstall the OS without losing user
data
✔✔/root - ✔✔The root user's home directory
✔✔/tmp - ✔✔Holds temporary files created by programs
✔✔/var - ✔✔-Holds miscellaneous files, such as log files and print spool files
-One subdirectory of /var is the /var/tmp and holds temporary files that should NEVER
be deleted
✔✔/mnt - ✔✔Mount point for removable media
✔✔/media - ✔✔New mount point for removable media
✔✔/dev - ✔✔Holds device files, which provide low level access to hardware.
✔✔/run - ✔✔Holds info about the running system
✔✔ls - ✔✔-Displays the names of files in a directory
-Doesn't show the hidden files/directories
-ex. .file.txt
✔✔ls --all or -a - ✔✔-Displays hidden files
, -Ex. >ls -a or ls --all
✔✔ls -l - ✔✔-Displays file names only
-Includes the file's permission string, owner, group, size, creating date
-Ex. >ls -l
✔✔--recursive or -R - ✔✔Displays both files and subdirectories
✔✔Absolute references - ✔✔-Relative to the root (/) directory
-Long way to get to a file
-Ex. /home/fred/afile.txt
✔✔Home directory reference - ✔✔- ~, for the home directory
-short cut
-Ex. ~/afile.txt same as /home/fred/afile.txt
✔✔touch - ✔✔-creates files
-updates a file's time stamps or creates a new empty file if one doesn't already exist
-ex. touch newfile.txt
✔✔touch -c - ✔✔- or --no-create
-Don't create a new file if one doesn't already exist
-To update a time stamp but not create an empty file
✔✔touch -d or --date=<string> - ✔✔-Sets the date and/or time of a file
-Ex. touch -d "July 4 2021" afile.txt
-Ex. touch -d "Aug 13 11:24" newfile.txt
✔✔cp - ✔✔Copy files in a terminal command line shell
✔✔cp <orig.txt> <new.txt> - ✔✔Copies the orig.txt to new.txt in the current directory
✔✔cp <orig.txt> /otherdir - ✔✔Copies orig.txt to the /otherdir directory. The copy will be
called orig.txt
✔✔cp <orig.txt> /otherdir/new.txt - ✔✔Copies orig.txt to the /otherdir directory. The copy
will be called new.txt
✔✔cp -a or --archive - ✔✔Similar to -R, but it also preserves ownership and copies links
as is
✔✔-f or --force - ✔✔Forces the system to overwrite any existing files without prompting
user
