PLTW HUMAN BODY SYSTEMS FINAL EXAMS
UPDATED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔stomach - ✔✔A muscular and elastic sac that serves mainly to store food, break it
up mechanically, and begin chemical digestion of proteins and fat.
✔✔small intestines - ✔✔Organ where most chemical digestion and absorption takes
place
✔✔large intestines - ✔✔organ where water is absorbed from the food and taken into the
blood stream. prepares undigested food for elimination from body
✔✔rectum - ✔✔A short tube at the end of the large intestine where waste material is
compressed into a solid form before being eliminated
✔✔anus - ✔✔A muscular opening at the end of the rectum through which waste
material is eliminated from the body
✔✔nasal cavity - ✔✔hollow space behind the nose
✔✔Larynx - ✔✔voice box
✔✔trachea - ✔✔windpipe
,✔✔Epiglottis - ✔✔A flap of tissue that seals off the windpipe and prevents food from
entering.
✔✔bronchi - ✔✔The passages that direct air into the lungs
✔✔alveoli - ✔✔tiny sacs of lung tissue specialized for the movement of gases between
air and blood
✔✔atria - ✔✔upper chambers of the heart
✔✔ventricles - ✔✔Lower chambers of the heart
✔✔arteries - ✔✔carry blood away from the heart
✔✔aterioles - ✔✔Small arteries attached to capillaries
✔✔veins - ✔✔carry blood back to the heart
✔✔venules - ✔✔small veins
✔✔Capillaries - ✔✔Microscopic vessel through which exchanges take place between
the blood and cells of the body
✔✔Hypothalamus - ✔✔A neural structure lying below the thalamus; it directs several
maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature), helps govern the endocrine
system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward.
✔✔pituitary gland - ✔✔The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the
influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other
endocrine glands.
✔✔pineal gland - ✔✔secretes melatonin
✔✔adrenal gland - ✔✔A pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and
secrete hormones that help arouse the body in times of stress.
✔✔thymus - ✔✔develops immune
✔✔testes and ovaries - ✔✔sex hormones
✔✔thryoid - ✔✔an organ at the base of the throat that makes hormones that help
control heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, and weight
, ✔✔pancreas - ✔✔Regulates the level of sugar in the blood
✔✔Anterior - ✔✔front
✔✔Posterior - ✔✔back (not dorsal)
✔✔Ventral - ✔✔Toward the belly
✔✔dorsal - ✔✔toward the back
✔✔Inferior - ✔✔Lower on the body, farther from the head
✔✔Lateral - ✔✔away from the midline
✔✔medial - ✔✔toward the midline
✔✔proximal - ✔✔Closer to the point of attachment
✔✔Distal - ✔✔farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb
to the body trunk
✔✔superior - ✔✔Higher on the body, nearer to the head
✔✔superficial - ✔✔near the surface
✔✔deep - ✔✔Away from the body surface; more internal
✔✔4 tissues - ✔✔epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
✔✔Number of chromosome pairs in human - ✔✔23 pairs
✔✔number of bones in human at maturity - ✔✔206
✔✔dipedal - ✔✔two legs
✔✔epithelial tissue - ✔✔A body tissue that covers the surfaces of the body, inside and
out
✔✔connective tissue - ✔✔A body tissue that provides support for the body and
connects all of its parts
✔✔muscle tissue - ✔✔A body tissue that contracts or shortens, making body parts
move.
UPDATED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔stomach - ✔✔A muscular and elastic sac that serves mainly to store food, break it
up mechanically, and begin chemical digestion of proteins and fat.
✔✔small intestines - ✔✔Organ where most chemical digestion and absorption takes
place
✔✔large intestines - ✔✔organ where water is absorbed from the food and taken into the
blood stream. prepares undigested food for elimination from body
✔✔rectum - ✔✔A short tube at the end of the large intestine where waste material is
compressed into a solid form before being eliminated
✔✔anus - ✔✔A muscular opening at the end of the rectum through which waste
material is eliminated from the body
✔✔nasal cavity - ✔✔hollow space behind the nose
✔✔Larynx - ✔✔voice box
✔✔trachea - ✔✔windpipe
,✔✔Epiglottis - ✔✔A flap of tissue that seals off the windpipe and prevents food from
entering.
✔✔bronchi - ✔✔The passages that direct air into the lungs
✔✔alveoli - ✔✔tiny sacs of lung tissue specialized for the movement of gases between
air and blood
✔✔atria - ✔✔upper chambers of the heart
✔✔ventricles - ✔✔Lower chambers of the heart
✔✔arteries - ✔✔carry blood away from the heart
✔✔aterioles - ✔✔Small arteries attached to capillaries
✔✔veins - ✔✔carry blood back to the heart
✔✔venules - ✔✔small veins
✔✔Capillaries - ✔✔Microscopic vessel through which exchanges take place between
the blood and cells of the body
✔✔Hypothalamus - ✔✔A neural structure lying below the thalamus; it directs several
maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature), helps govern the endocrine
system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward.
✔✔pituitary gland - ✔✔The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the
influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other
endocrine glands.
✔✔pineal gland - ✔✔secretes melatonin
✔✔adrenal gland - ✔✔A pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and
secrete hormones that help arouse the body in times of stress.
✔✔thymus - ✔✔develops immune
✔✔testes and ovaries - ✔✔sex hormones
✔✔thryoid - ✔✔an organ at the base of the throat that makes hormones that help
control heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, and weight
, ✔✔pancreas - ✔✔Regulates the level of sugar in the blood
✔✔Anterior - ✔✔front
✔✔Posterior - ✔✔back (not dorsal)
✔✔Ventral - ✔✔Toward the belly
✔✔dorsal - ✔✔toward the back
✔✔Inferior - ✔✔Lower on the body, farther from the head
✔✔Lateral - ✔✔away from the midline
✔✔medial - ✔✔toward the midline
✔✔proximal - ✔✔Closer to the point of attachment
✔✔Distal - ✔✔farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb
to the body trunk
✔✔superior - ✔✔Higher on the body, nearer to the head
✔✔superficial - ✔✔near the surface
✔✔deep - ✔✔Away from the body surface; more internal
✔✔4 tissues - ✔✔epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
✔✔Number of chromosome pairs in human - ✔✔23 pairs
✔✔number of bones in human at maturity - ✔✔206
✔✔dipedal - ✔✔two legs
✔✔epithelial tissue - ✔✔A body tissue that covers the surfaces of the body, inside and
out
✔✔connective tissue - ✔✔A body tissue that provides support for the body and
connects all of its parts
✔✔muscle tissue - ✔✔A body tissue that contracts or shortens, making body parts
move.
