TACTICAL TOOLS CORPORALS COURSE ACTUAL
FINAL EXAMS ALL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
SURE A+
✔✔COLORS ON A MAP - ✔✔By the fifteenth century, most European maps were
carefully colored.
Profile drawings of mountains and hills were shown in brown.
Rivers and lakes were shown in blue.
Vegetation was shown in green.
Roads were shown in yellow.
Special information was shown in red.
A look at the legend of a modern map confirms that the use of colors has not changed
much over the past several hundred years. To facilitate the identification of features on
a map, the topographical and cultural information is usually printed in different colors.
✔✔Black - ✔✔This color indicates cultural (man-made) features such as buildings and
roads, surveyed spot elevations, and all labels.
✔✔Blue - ✔✔Identifies hydrography or water features such as lakes, swamps, rivers,
and drainage.
,✔✔Green - ✔✔This color identifies vegetation with military significance, such as woods,
orchards, and vineyards.
✔✔Reddish-brown - ✔✔The colors red and brown are combined to identify cultural
features such as boundaries and major roads, all relief features, non-surveyed spot
elevations, and elevations or contour lines
✔✔TYPES OF NORTH - ✔✔True North is a line from any point on the Earth's surface
to the North Pole. All lines of longitude converge at the North Pole and are true north
lines. A star is used to depict true north.
Magnetic North is the direction to the north magnetic pole, as indicated by the north-
seeking needle of a magnetic compass. Magnetic readings are used to navigate in the
field. A half arrowhead is used to depict magnetic north.
Grid North is the north that is established by using the vertical grid lines on the map.
Grid north lines are parallel lines on the map; they do not converge at the North Pole.
The letters GN are used to depict grid north.
✔✔Declination Diagram - ✔✔Declination diagram is the angular difference between true
north and either magnetic or grid north.
There are two declinations:
A magnetic declination
A grid declination
The declination diagram shows the angular relationship, represented by prongs, among
these three types of north.
✔✔G-M Angle - ✔✔G-M angle (grid-magnetic angle) value is the angular size that
exists between grid north and magnetic north and the year it was prepared.
This value is expressed to the nearest 1/2 degree, with mil equivalents shown to the
nearest 10 mils.
The G-M angle is important to the map reader/land navigator, because it will affect the
accuracy of navigation skills in the field.
✔✔G-M Conversion - ✔✔G-M conversion is applying the angular difference between
the grid north and the magnetic north to convert compass readings to grid version for
use in navigation.
Since the location of this magnetic field does not correspond exactly with the grid-north
lines on the maps, a conversion from magnetic to grid or vice versa is needed.
Simply refer to the conversion notes that appear in conjunction with the diagram
explaining the use of the G-M angle.
One note provides instructions for converting a magnetic azimuth to a grid azimuth, and
the other, for converting a grid azimuth to a magnetic azimuth.
The conversion (add or subtract) is governed by the direction of the magnetic-north
prong relative to that of the north-grid prong.
, ✔✔CONTOUR LINES - ✔✔Contour lines are the most common method of showing
relief and elevation on a standard topographic map. A contour line represents an
imaginary line on the ground, above or below sea level. All points on the contour line
are at the same elevation. The elevation represented by contour lines is the vertical
distance above or below sea level.
The three types of contour lines used on a standard topographic map are:
Index lines
Intermediate lines
Supplementary lines
✔✔Index - ✔✔Starting at zero elevation or mean sea level, every fifth contour line is a
heavier line.
These are known as index contour lines.
Each index contour line is typically numbered at some point.
This number is the elevation of that line.
✔✔Intermediate - ✔✔The contour lines falling between the index contour lines are
called intermediate contour lines.
These lines are finer and do not have their elevations given.
There are normally four intermediate contour lines between index contour lines.
✔✔Supplementary - ✔✔These contour lines resemble dashes.
They show changes in elevation of at least one-half the contour interval.
These lines are normally found where there is little change in elevation, such as on fairly
level terrain.
✔✔Contour Interval - ✔✔Before the elevation of any point on the map can be
determined, you must know the contour interval for the map you are using. The contour
interval measurement given in the marginal information is the vertical distance between
adjacent contour lines.
To determine the elevation of a point on the map, find the numbered index contour line
closest to the point you are trying to determine.
Determine if the point is a higher or lower elevation than the index contour line.
Once that is established, you can count the number of contours higher or lower and, by
referencing the marginal data, determine your actual elevation.
✔✔ELEVATION AND RELIEF - ✔✔Terrain features do not normally stand alone. To
understand how various terrain features are depicted on a map by contour lines,
carefully examine the illustration on this page.
✔✔HILL - ✔✔A hill is an area of high ground. From a hilltop, the ground slopes down in
all directions.
A hill is shown on a map by contour lines forming concentric circles.
FINAL EXAMS ALL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
SURE A+
✔✔COLORS ON A MAP - ✔✔By the fifteenth century, most European maps were
carefully colored.
Profile drawings of mountains and hills were shown in brown.
Rivers and lakes were shown in blue.
Vegetation was shown in green.
Roads were shown in yellow.
Special information was shown in red.
A look at the legend of a modern map confirms that the use of colors has not changed
much over the past several hundred years. To facilitate the identification of features on
a map, the topographical and cultural information is usually printed in different colors.
✔✔Black - ✔✔This color indicates cultural (man-made) features such as buildings and
roads, surveyed spot elevations, and all labels.
✔✔Blue - ✔✔Identifies hydrography or water features such as lakes, swamps, rivers,
and drainage.
,✔✔Green - ✔✔This color identifies vegetation with military significance, such as woods,
orchards, and vineyards.
✔✔Reddish-brown - ✔✔The colors red and brown are combined to identify cultural
features such as boundaries and major roads, all relief features, non-surveyed spot
elevations, and elevations or contour lines
✔✔TYPES OF NORTH - ✔✔True North is a line from any point on the Earth's surface
to the North Pole. All lines of longitude converge at the North Pole and are true north
lines. A star is used to depict true north.
Magnetic North is the direction to the north magnetic pole, as indicated by the north-
seeking needle of a magnetic compass. Magnetic readings are used to navigate in the
field. A half arrowhead is used to depict magnetic north.
Grid North is the north that is established by using the vertical grid lines on the map.
Grid north lines are parallel lines on the map; they do not converge at the North Pole.
The letters GN are used to depict grid north.
✔✔Declination Diagram - ✔✔Declination diagram is the angular difference between true
north and either magnetic or grid north.
There are two declinations:
A magnetic declination
A grid declination
The declination diagram shows the angular relationship, represented by prongs, among
these three types of north.
✔✔G-M Angle - ✔✔G-M angle (grid-magnetic angle) value is the angular size that
exists between grid north and magnetic north and the year it was prepared.
This value is expressed to the nearest 1/2 degree, with mil equivalents shown to the
nearest 10 mils.
The G-M angle is important to the map reader/land navigator, because it will affect the
accuracy of navigation skills in the field.
✔✔G-M Conversion - ✔✔G-M conversion is applying the angular difference between
the grid north and the magnetic north to convert compass readings to grid version for
use in navigation.
Since the location of this magnetic field does not correspond exactly with the grid-north
lines on the maps, a conversion from magnetic to grid or vice versa is needed.
Simply refer to the conversion notes that appear in conjunction with the diagram
explaining the use of the G-M angle.
One note provides instructions for converting a magnetic azimuth to a grid azimuth, and
the other, for converting a grid azimuth to a magnetic azimuth.
The conversion (add or subtract) is governed by the direction of the magnetic-north
prong relative to that of the north-grid prong.
, ✔✔CONTOUR LINES - ✔✔Contour lines are the most common method of showing
relief and elevation on a standard topographic map. A contour line represents an
imaginary line on the ground, above or below sea level. All points on the contour line
are at the same elevation. The elevation represented by contour lines is the vertical
distance above or below sea level.
The three types of contour lines used on a standard topographic map are:
Index lines
Intermediate lines
Supplementary lines
✔✔Index - ✔✔Starting at zero elevation or mean sea level, every fifth contour line is a
heavier line.
These are known as index contour lines.
Each index contour line is typically numbered at some point.
This number is the elevation of that line.
✔✔Intermediate - ✔✔The contour lines falling between the index contour lines are
called intermediate contour lines.
These lines are finer and do not have their elevations given.
There are normally four intermediate contour lines between index contour lines.
✔✔Supplementary - ✔✔These contour lines resemble dashes.
They show changes in elevation of at least one-half the contour interval.
These lines are normally found where there is little change in elevation, such as on fairly
level terrain.
✔✔Contour Interval - ✔✔Before the elevation of any point on the map can be
determined, you must know the contour interval for the map you are using. The contour
interval measurement given in the marginal information is the vertical distance between
adjacent contour lines.
To determine the elevation of a point on the map, find the numbered index contour line
closest to the point you are trying to determine.
Determine if the point is a higher or lower elevation than the index contour line.
Once that is established, you can count the number of contours higher or lower and, by
referencing the marginal data, determine your actual elevation.
✔✔ELEVATION AND RELIEF - ✔✔Terrain features do not normally stand alone. To
understand how various terrain features are depicted on a map by contour lines,
carefully examine the illustration on this page.
✔✔HILL - ✔✔A hill is an area of high ground. From a hilltop, the ground slopes down in
all directions.
A hill is shown on a map by contour lines forming concentric circles.
