TACTICAL TOOLS CORPORALS COURSE STUDY
EXAMS GUIDE ALL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
SURE A+
✔✔5 Series Number (Top Margin) - ✔✔The series number is found in both the upper
right margin and the lower left margin. It is a sequence reference expressed either as a
four-digit numeral (1125) or as a letter, followed by a three- or four-digit numeral (M661;
T7110).
✔✔6 Edition Number (Top Margin) - ✔✔The edition number is found bolded in the
upper right area of the top margin and the lower left area of the bottom margin.
Editions are numbered consecutively; therefore, if you have more than one edition, the
highest numbered sheet is the most recent.
This date is important when determining how accurately the map data might be
expected to match what you will encounter on the ground.
✔✔Marginal Information (Bottom Margin 7-14) - ✔✔This portion of the map includes
information that helps to interpret the map. It provides correlation between actual terrain
and man-made features and the map's topographic symbols. Some information found in
the bottom margin is repeated from the top margin.
,✔✔7 Boundaries (Bottom Margin) - ✔✔The index to boundaries diagram appears in the
lower or right margin of all sheets.
This diagram, which is a miniature of the map, shows the boundaries that occur within
the map area, such as county lines and state boundaries.
✔✔8 Adjoining Sheets (Bottom Margin) - ✔✔Maps at all standard scales contain a
diagram that illustrates the adjoining sheets. The diagram usually contains nine
rectangles, but the number may vary depending on the locations of the adjoining
sheets. All represented sheets are identified by their sheet numbers. Sheets of an
adjoining series of the same scale, whether published or planned, are represented by
dashed lines. The series number of the adjoining series is indicated along the
appropriate side of the division line between the series.
✔✔9 Elevation Guide (Bottom Margin) - ✔✔This is normally found in the lower right
margin.
It is a miniature characterization of the terrain shown.
The terrain is represented by bands of elevation, spot elevations, and major drainage
features.
The elevation guide provides the map reader with a means of rapid recognition of major
landforms.
✔✔10 Declination Diagram (Bottom Margin) - ✔✔This is located in the lower margin of
large-scale maps and indicates the angular relationships of true north, grid north, and
magnetic north.
On maps at 1:250,000 scale, this information is expressed as a note in the lower
margin.
In new maps, there is a note indicating the conversion of azimuths from grid to magnetic
and from magnetic to grid next to the declination diagram.
✔✔11 Bar Scale (Bottom Margin) - ✔✔These are located in the center of the lower
margin.
They are rulers used to convert map distance to ground distance.
Maps have three or more bar scales, each in a different unit of measure.
Care should be exercised when using the scales, especially in the selection of the unit
of measure that is needed.
,✔✔12 Contour Interval Note (Bottom Margin) - ✔✔This note is found in the center of the
lower margin normally below the bar scales.
It states the vertical distance between adjacent contour lines of the map.
When supplementary contours are used, the interval is indicated.
In new maps, the contour interval is given in meters instead of feet.
✔✔13 Legend (Bottom Margin) - ✔✔The legend is located in the lower left margin.
It illustrates and identifies the topographic symbols used to depict some of the more
prominent features on the map.
The symbols are not the same on every map.
Always refer to the legend to avoid errors when reading a map.
✔✔14 Grid Reference Box (Bottom Margin) - ✔✔Grid Reference Box
✔✔Colors on a Map - ✔✔By the fifteenth century, most European maps were carefully
colored.
Profile drawings of mountains and hills were shown in brown.
Rivers and lakes were shown in blue.
Vegetation was shown in green.
Roads were shown in yellow.
Special information was shown in red.
A look at the legend of a modern map confirms that the use of colors has not changed
much over the past several hundred years. To facilitate the identification of features on
a map, the topographical and cultural information is usually printed in different colors.
✔✔Black (Colors on a Map) - ✔✔This color indicates cultural (man-made) features such
as buildings and roads, surveyed spot elevations, and all labels.
✔✔Blue (Colors on a Map) - ✔✔Identifies hydrography or water features such as lakes,
swamps, rivers, and drainage.
✔✔Green (Colors on a Map) - ✔✔This color identifies vegetation with military
significance, such as woods, orchards, and vineyards.
, ✔✔Reddish-Brown (Colors on a Map) - ✔✔The colors red and brown are combined to
identify cultural features such as boundaries and major roads, all relief features, non-
surveyed spot elevations, and elevations or contour lines.
✔✔Types of North - ✔✔True North is a line from any point on the Earth's surface to the
North Pole. All lines of longitude converge at the North Pole and are true north lines. A
star is used to depict true north.
Magnetic North is the direction to the north magnetic pole, as indicated by the north-
seeking needle of a magnetic compass. Magnetic readings are used to navigate in the
field. A half arrowhead is used to depict magnetic north.
Grid North is the north that is established by using the vertical grid lines on the map.
Grid north lines are parallel lines on the map; they do not converge at the North Pole.
The letters GN are used to depict grid north.
✔✔Declination Diagram - ✔✔Declination diagram is the angular difference between true
north and either magnetic or grid north.
There are two declinations:
A magnetic declination
A grid declination
The declination diagram shows the angular relationship, represented by prongs, among
these three types of north.
✔✔G-M Angle - ✔✔G-M angle (grid-magnetic angle) value is the angular size that
exists between grid north and magnetic north and the year it was prepared.
This value is expressed to the nearest 1/2 degree, with mil equivalents shown to the
nearest 10 mils.
The G-M angle is important to the map reader/land navigator, because it will affect the
accuracy of navigation skills in the field.
✔✔G-M Conversion - ✔✔G-M conversion is applying the angular difference between
the grid north and the magnetic north to convert compass readings to grid version for
use in navigation.
Since the location of this magnetic field does not correspond exactly with the grid-north
lines on the maps, a conversion from magnetic to grid or vice versa is needed.
EXAMS GUIDE ALL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
SURE A+
✔✔5 Series Number (Top Margin) - ✔✔The series number is found in both the upper
right margin and the lower left margin. It is a sequence reference expressed either as a
four-digit numeral (1125) or as a letter, followed by a three- or four-digit numeral (M661;
T7110).
✔✔6 Edition Number (Top Margin) - ✔✔The edition number is found bolded in the
upper right area of the top margin and the lower left area of the bottom margin.
Editions are numbered consecutively; therefore, if you have more than one edition, the
highest numbered sheet is the most recent.
This date is important when determining how accurately the map data might be
expected to match what you will encounter on the ground.
✔✔Marginal Information (Bottom Margin 7-14) - ✔✔This portion of the map includes
information that helps to interpret the map. It provides correlation between actual terrain
and man-made features and the map's topographic symbols. Some information found in
the bottom margin is repeated from the top margin.
,✔✔7 Boundaries (Bottom Margin) - ✔✔The index to boundaries diagram appears in the
lower or right margin of all sheets.
This diagram, which is a miniature of the map, shows the boundaries that occur within
the map area, such as county lines and state boundaries.
✔✔8 Adjoining Sheets (Bottom Margin) - ✔✔Maps at all standard scales contain a
diagram that illustrates the adjoining sheets. The diagram usually contains nine
rectangles, but the number may vary depending on the locations of the adjoining
sheets. All represented sheets are identified by their sheet numbers. Sheets of an
adjoining series of the same scale, whether published or planned, are represented by
dashed lines. The series number of the adjoining series is indicated along the
appropriate side of the division line between the series.
✔✔9 Elevation Guide (Bottom Margin) - ✔✔This is normally found in the lower right
margin.
It is a miniature characterization of the terrain shown.
The terrain is represented by bands of elevation, spot elevations, and major drainage
features.
The elevation guide provides the map reader with a means of rapid recognition of major
landforms.
✔✔10 Declination Diagram (Bottom Margin) - ✔✔This is located in the lower margin of
large-scale maps and indicates the angular relationships of true north, grid north, and
magnetic north.
On maps at 1:250,000 scale, this information is expressed as a note in the lower
margin.
In new maps, there is a note indicating the conversion of azimuths from grid to magnetic
and from magnetic to grid next to the declination diagram.
✔✔11 Bar Scale (Bottom Margin) - ✔✔These are located in the center of the lower
margin.
They are rulers used to convert map distance to ground distance.
Maps have three or more bar scales, each in a different unit of measure.
Care should be exercised when using the scales, especially in the selection of the unit
of measure that is needed.
,✔✔12 Contour Interval Note (Bottom Margin) - ✔✔This note is found in the center of the
lower margin normally below the bar scales.
It states the vertical distance between adjacent contour lines of the map.
When supplementary contours are used, the interval is indicated.
In new maps, the contour interval is given in meters instead of feet.
✔✔13 Legend (Bottom Margin) - ✔✔The legend is located in the lower left margin.
It illustrates and identifies the topographic symbols used to depict some of the more
prominent features on the map.
The symbols are not the same on every map.
Always refer to the legend to avoid errors when reading a map.
✔✔14 Grid Reference Box (Bottom Margin) - ✔✔Grid Reference Box
✔✔Colors on a Map - ✔✔By the fifteenth century, most European maps were carefully
colored.
Profile drawings of mountains and hills were shown in brown.
Rivers and lakes were shown in blue.
Vegetation was shown in green.
Roads were shown in yellow.
Special information was shown in red.
A look at the legend of a modern map confirms that the use of colors has not changed
much over the past several hundred years. To facilitate the identification of features on
a map, the topographical and cultural information is usually printed in different colors.
✔✔Black (Colors on a Map) - ✔✔This color indicates cultural (man-made) features such
as buildings and roads, surveyed spot elevations, and all labels.
✔✔Blue (Colors on a Map) - ✔✔Identifies hydrography or water features such as lakes,
swamps, rivers, and drainage.
✔✔Green (Colors on a Map) - ✔✔This color identifies vegetation with military
significance, such as woods, orchards, and vineyards.
, ✔✔Reddish-Brown (Colors on a Map) - ✔✔The colors red and brown are combined to
identify cultural features such as boundaries and major roads, all relief features, non-
surveyed spot elevations, and elevations or contour lines.
✔✔Types of North - ✔✔True North is a line from any point on the Earth's surface to the
North Pole. All lines of longitude converge at the North Pole and are true north lines. A
star is used to depict true north.
Magnetic North is the direction to the north magnetic pole, as indicated by the north-
seeking needle of a magnetic compass. Magnetic readings are used to navigate in the
field. A half arrowhead is used to depict magnetic north.
Grid North is the north that is established by using the vertical grid lines on the map.
Grid north lines are parallel lines on the map; they do not converge at the North Pole.
The letters GN are used to depict grid north.
✔✔Declination Diagram - ✔✔Declination diagram is the angular difference between true
north and either magnetic or grid north.
There are two declinations:
A magnetic declination
A grid declination
The declination diagram shows the angular relationship, represented by prongs, among
these three types of north.
✔✔G-M Angle - ✔✔G-M angle (grid-magnetic angle) value is the angular size that
exists between grid north and magnetic north and the year it was prepared.
This value is expressed to the nearest 1/2 degree, with mil equivalents shown to the
nearest 10 mils.
The G-M angle is important to the map reader/land navigator, because it will affect the
accuracy of navigation skills in the field.
✔✔G-M Conversion - ✔✔G-M conversion is applying the angular difference between
the grid north and the magnetic north to convert compass readings to grid version for
use in navigation.
Since the location of this magnetic field does not correspond exactly with the grid-north
lines on the maps, a conversion from magnetic to grid or vice versa is needed.
